Unit MICROBIOLOGY AND HYGIENE

Course: Pharmacy
Study-unit Code: A003565
Location: PERUGIA
Curriculum: In all curricula
CFU: 12
Course Regulation: Coorte 2023
Offered: 2023/24
Type of study-unit: Obbligatorio (Required)
Type of learning activities: Attività formativa integrata

HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Code	65003512
Location	PERUGIA
CFU	6
Teacher	Massimo Moretti
Teachers	Massimo Moretti Milena Villarini (Codocenza)
Hours	38 ore - Massimo Moretti 4 ore (Codocenza) - Milena Villarini
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline mediche
Academic discipline	MED/42
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian.
Contents	Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of diseases. Epidemiology and prevention of infectious and chronic diseases. Health education and health promotion. Passive and active immunization: sera and vaccines. Cancer screening tests.
Reference texts	Pontello M. & Auxilia F. "Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e salute Globale" - Piccin, Padova. Meloni C. "Igiene per le Lauree delle Professioni Sanitarie" - Casa Editrice Ambrosiana. Ricciardi W. "Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e Sanità Pubblica" - Idelson-Gnocchi, Napoli.
Educational objectives	The learning experiences should help students in achieving attitudes and practices related to critical health issues: role of Pharmacists in diseases prevention and health education and promotion; Pharmacists as health experts of the National Health Service (NHS).
Prerequisites	None.
Teaching methods	Face-to-face lessons.
Other information	Co-Teaching (4 h): Prof. Milena Villarini.
Learning verification modality	Written (closed-ended questions).
Extended program	Introduction to Hygiene and Public Health; concepts of health and disease. Determinants of health. Natural history of disease. Principles of health economics. Health management: National Health Service (NHS), Local Health Units and Hospitals. General disease prevention: health promotion/protection. Levels of disease prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases. Etiologic agent: definition. Routes of transmission of infectious disease agents: sexually transmitted diseases; bloodborne, airborne, vehicle(water)borne and vectorborne transmission. Ectoparasites: Pulex spp. (flea), Pediculus spp. (louse), Pthirus spp. (crab louse), Sarcoptes spp. (dust mite). Arthropod-transmitted diseases. Endoparasites: protozoans (Giardia spp.), flatworms (Taenia spp.) e nematodes (Dracunculus spp., Ascaris spp.). Vector-transmitted parasites: Plasmodium spp. (malaria), Leishmania spp. Principles of disinfection; classification of disinfectants; disinfectants in pharmacy. Sterilization; classification of methods of sterilization; controls of sterilization. Disinfestation and pest control; methods of mosquito control; management and control of pediculosis; rodent prevention and control. Immunoprophylaxis: sera/immunoglobulins and vaccines. Classification of vaccines: inactivated or engineered vaccines and toxoids; whole-cell and fractional vaccines; live attenuated vaccines; new vaccines. Epidemiology and control of selected vaccine-prevented diseases. Vaccinal strategies: control (tetanus), elimination (diphteria), eradication (smallpox) of infectious diseases. Immunization schedule for children; immunization of adults and travellers. Emerging infectious diseases (Legionella pneumophila; Escherichia coli O157:H7). Opportunistic infections. Hospital-acquired infections. Food hygiene; prevention of food-borne diseases; food safety legislation; control of food-borne diseases in pharmacy; HACCP method. Epidemiology and prevention of principal chronic diseases: cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CVD: the Framingham cohort. Prevention and control of infarction and ictus. Epidemiology and prevention of cancer. Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis processes. Secondary prevention (early diagnosis) of cancer. Cancer screening test: fecal occult blood (FOB), Pap-test, mammography. Epidemiology and prevention of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Epidemiology and prevention of respiratory diseases: COPD and asthma. Tobacco smoking and health; prevention of (active/passive) smoking-related diseases. Methods of giving up smoking and nicotine replacement therapy; role of pharmacists in anti-smoking efforts. Health education: methods for health promotion (relationship between health and human behavior). Role of the pharmacist in health education and promotion; evidence of effectiveness of pharmacy-based health promotion. New health services in the pharmacy (D.L. n. 153, 3 October, 2009). Oral health; epidemiology and prevention of caries, parodontopathy and oral cancer; principles of oral hygiene. Environmental health; drinking water and health; methods of treatment of drinking water; mineral water and health; drinking water hardness and health.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Goal 3: Good health and well-being. Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation.

GENERAL AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Code	A003564
Location	PERUGIA
CFU	6
Teacher	Donatella Pietrella
Teachers	Donatella Pietrella
Hours	42 ore - Donatella Pietrella
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline mediche
Academic discipline	MED/07
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Cellular organization, metabolism and genetics of bacteria, fungi and viruses The microbial virulence factors and infection transmission routes. Infection control strategies (vaccines and antimicrobials). Disinfection and Sterilization Main microorganisms involved in human infections.
Reference texts	Medical Microbiology Patrick R Murray, Ken S. Rosenthal, Michael A. Pfaller. Elsevier
Educational objectives	The purpose of the present course is to acquire the following knowledge: Cellular organization, metabolism, genetics of microorganisms Positive and negative interactions between organism and man. Pathogenetic mechanisms of microbial infections; Vaccines in the containment of infection. Molecular targets for antimicrobial drugs Antibiotic resistance: mechanisms and prevention strategies
Prerequisites	For the understanding of the course the student should have basic knowledge of cellular and molecular biology, anatomy, physiology and biochemistry.
Teaching methods	Face-to-face
Other information	Recommended attendance
Learning verification modality	The test consists of a discussion of the topics covered in class. The knowledge of the subject, of the specific language acquired and the presentation ability will be evaluated. For information on support services for students with disabilities and/or DSA, visit the page http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Extended program	History of microbiology. Microorganisms prokaryotes and eukaryotes: characteristics. Classification and nomenclature of microorganisms. The gut flora. Biotechnology in the pharmaceutical field. Bacteriology: Structures of the bacterial cell. Classification and morphology of bacteria, bacterial metabolism. Spores. Bacterial metabolism and physiology: nutrition, respiration, fermentation. Bacterial growth counts of bacteria, growth curve, culture media. bacterial genetics (transduction, conjugation and transformation) and gene regulation mechanisms. Virulence factors: adhesins, capsule, exoenzymes, bacterial toxins (characteristics and mechanism of action), biofilm formation. Antibacterial drugs. Main classes (wall inhibitors and protein synthesis, transcription, DNA replication, bacterial metabolism inhibitors) and relevant bacterial resistance mechanisms. Antibiogram. Main bacteria of clinical interest (Clostridia, Staphylococci, Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Virology: Classification, structure and replication of viruses. viral pathogenesis. antiviral drugs. General principles for the laboratory diagnosis: serological and molecular diagnosis. Main human pathogenic viruses: orthomyxovirus, hepatitis viruses Mycology: Fungi General. pathogenicity mechanisms. superficial and deep mycosis. antifungal drugs.