Unit GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
- Course
- Biotechnology
- Study-unit Code
- GP000525
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- CFU
- 6
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2023
- Offered
- 2023/24
- Learning activities
- Base
- Area
- Discipline biologiche
- Academic discipline
- BIO/19
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY - Canale A
| Code | GP000525 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 6 |
| Teacher | Ermanno Federici |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
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| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Discipline biologiche |
| Academic discipline | BIO/19 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | The microbial world. Microbial diversity. Microorganisms’ biology. Methods and protocols for studying microorganisms in laboratory. The prokaryotic cell (shape, size and arrangements) and its molecular structure (cytoplasm, genome, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, endospores, etc). Functional properties of microorganisms. Metabolic diversity. Nutrition and growth. Kinetic of cell division. Physical and chemical requirements. Study of bacteria in the laboratory. Culture media and cultivation. Bacterial isolation and counts. Bacteria inactivation. Bacterial genome. Variation and gene transfer in bacteria. Bacterial taxonomy |
| Reference texts | Madigan e Martinko - "Brock, Biologia dei microrganismi" Willey, Sherwood e Woolverton - "Prescott, Microbiologia generale" |
| Educational objectives | Knowledge of the main groups of microorganisms, particularly fun respect of the structure and function of bacteria. Learning of the main methods for studying microorganisms in the laboratory |
| Prerequisites | The foreground developed by the students in general biology is essential to the learning and understanding of Microbiology |
| Teaching methods | Lessons |
| Other information | Course venue: University buildings in Via del Giochetto - see Department website (http://www.dcbb.unipg.it)Contact the Professor for meeting |
| Learning verification modality | Colloquium. The examiner will check the student’s level of knowledge and ability to build connections between various parts of the Microbiology program, as well as terminology used and command of technical language |
| Extended program | History of Microbiology. Biodiversity and taxonomy: grouping of microrganisms according to Haeckel and Whittaker and evolutionary relationships among living organisms. General Bacteriology. Organization of biological systems. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Structure and ultrastructure of the bacterial cell. Size, shape and arrangements. Chemical composition. The circular DNA of bacteria. Cytoplasm and inclusions. Cytoplasmic membrane and its functions. Cell wall (composition, molecular structure, differences between gram-positive and gram-negative). Structures outside the cell wall: cilia, flagella, fimbriae, capsule, glycocalyx, etc.). Protoplasts and spheroplasts. Spores and sporulation. Microscopy and bacteria staining. Bacterial metabolism. Enzymes and their regulation (constitutive enzymes, inducible and repressible). Energy processes. Fermentation, aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Comparisons of energy yields. Nutrition. Nutritional types: classification according to the nutrients, the energy source of carbon. Essential metabolites and growth factors. Bacterial multiplication and factors affecting it. Growth cycle. Growth parameters. Synchronous cultures. Continuous culture. Diauxic growth. Pathogenicity and virulence (infection and infectious disease). Virulence factors. Variability of virulence factors. Bacterial toxins. Antibiotic resistance. Sterilization. Theory and practical methodologies. Sterility controls. Genotype and phenotype. Physiological adaptation. Clonal selection. Alteration of phenotype. Genotypic variations. Bacterial mutants. Plasmids. Episomi. F and R factors. Recombination phenomena: transformation, transduction, conjugation |
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY - Canale B
| Code | GP000525 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 6 |
| Teacher | Gianluigi Cardinali |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
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| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Discipline biologiche |
| Academic discipline | BIO/19 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | The biology of microorganisms. Microbial diversity (eukaryotes, prokaryotes, notes on viruses). The prokaryotic cell (shape, size and aggregation) and its structural characteristics (cytoplasm, cell wall and membrane, endospores, etc.). Functional properties of bacteria. Nutrition and growth. Cell division kinetics. Influence of physical and chemical factors. Metabolism. Elements on the microbial genetic structures. Concepts and practice of microbial taxonomy (nomenclature, classification, identification). |
| Reference texts | Dehò e Galli, Biologia dei Microrganismi, Casa Ed. Ambrosiana Brock. Biologia dei microrganismi. Microbiologia generale, ambientale e industriale. Biavati Sorlini-Microbiologia Generale e Agraria VOl I. Additional materials in the Unistudium page |
| Educational objectives | Knowledge and understanding of the biology of microorganisms, their structure, physiology and reproductive mode. Basic microbiological knowledge necessary for the study of specialized microbiology courses in the following years and for the master's degree. Teaching is designed to allow the learning of microbiological dynamics in natural, biotechnological and clinical settings, with particular attention to the development of critical thinking in the field of the subject. At the end of the course, the student must be able to recognize the main microbial groups, to associate each group with its main specificities and to understand the potential applications of each microbial group. The student will also have the skills to evaluate the techniques and approaches necessary to recognize and typify various microorganisms. |
| Prerequisites | I sem Biological courses |
| Teaching methods | Lectures, numerical practicals |
| Other information | Discussion with the instructor |
| Learning verification modality | Written and oral exam Support information for specific learning disabilities: http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa |
| Extended program | Main historical stages of microbiology. Biodiversity of microorganisms.Subdivision of microorganisms historical and phylogenetic vision.General properties of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, notes on viruses. Cellular and molecular organization of prokaryotes. Comparison of eukaryotic microorganisms vs. prokaryotes. Morphology and arrangement in the main groups of bacteria. Structure and ultrastructure of the bacterial cell. Cell wall: composition and structure of peptidoglycan in gram-positive and gram-negative cells. Periplasmic space. Gram-negative parietal membrane. Porins. Lipid A. Mucous layers and extracellular appendages. Active and passive movement. Spores and sporulation. Membrane and Cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic membrane (structure and transport mechanisms), transmembrane traffic. Notes on microbial genomes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Chromosomes, plasmids and episomes. Functional properties of microorganisms, carbon and energy sources: Nutritional types. Anabolism and catabolism. Respirations and fermentations. The various energetic processes of bacteria (homo- and hetero-fermentations, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, etc). Comparison of energy yields. Respiratory effects. The surface/volume ratio. Constitutive, inducible and repressible enzymes. Variability and recombination phenomena in bacteria. Genotype and phenotype. Physiological adaptation. Qualitative description of microbial growth, growth mode. Factors influencing growth: temperatures, pH, water availability. Antibiotics. Presence of microorganisms in the environment: notes on the C and N cycle. Microbial associations and biofilms. |
| Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile | Understanding of the strategies to reach sustainability through microbiological technologies. |