Unit PHISIO-PATHOLOGICAL BASIS OF DISEASES
- Course
- Nursing
- Study-unit Code
- GP001706
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Teresa Zelante
- CFU
- 7
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2023
- Offered
- 2023/24
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
PHYSIOLOGY II
| Code | GP001727 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 2 |
| Teacher | Teresa Zelante |
| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Scienze biomediche |
| Academic discipline | BIO/09 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
Canale A
- CFU
- 2
- Teacher
- Roberto Panichi
- Teachers
- Roberto Panichi
- Hours
- 30 ore - Roberto Panichi
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- The function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and digestive systems.
- Reference texts
- L. Zocchi, Principi di Fisiologia -– Ed. EdiSES;
AAVV, Fisiologia dell'uomo-Ed. Edi-Ermes;
R. Poltronieri, Elementi di Fisiologia-
Ed. EdiSES - Educational objectives
- The objective of the course is to provide the knowledge and understanding of the functioning of the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and digestive systems.
- Prerequisites
- The student should have the fundamental knowledge of:
Physics
Chemistry
Biochemistry
Human Anatomy - Teaching methods
- Face-to-face lessons. Practical training could be carried out.
- Other information
- -
- Learning verification modality
- Oral exam.
- Extended program
- Physiology of the cardiovascular system.
Heart. Cardiac automatism: pacemaker cells of the nodal tissue, rhythmogenesis, and conduction of cardiac action potential. Mechanisms of atrioventricular delay.
Cardiac mechanics: Action potential of cardiomyocyte due to electro-mechanical coupling in cardiac fiber. Factors that determine the contractile strength of the heart. Isometric and isotonic contraction and the length-tension relationship in the cardiac fiber. Cardiac cycle: cardiac, arterial, and venous pressure changes. Heart valves and heart sounds. Cardiac output. Regulation of cardiac activity: Intrinsic Mechanisms and Frank-Starling Law. Effects of the autonomic nervous system. Electrocardiogram.
Principles of hemodynamics: Physical factors that regulate blood flow in the circulatory system. Relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance. The Hagen-Poiseuille law. Laminar and turbulent flow. Blood viscosity and hematocrit. Vascular compliance. Factors determining blood pressure. Functions of the arteries: elastic and resistance vessels. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure. Blood pressure measurement.
Physiology of the microcirculation. Mechanisms underlying blood-interstitium exchanges. Role of the lymphatic system Factors determining interstitial edema. Physiology of the venous system: mechanisms of venous return. Regional Control of Blood Flow: Metabolic, humoral and nervous mechanisms.
Short, medium, and long term Regulation of blood pressure. Baroceptive and chemoreceptive reflexes. The renin-angiotensin system. The kidney-body fluid system controls the blood pressure.
Physiology of the respiratory system.
Respiratory mechanics. Lung volumes and capacities. Lung and alveolar ventilation. Spirometric examination. Respiratory muscles. Elastic properties of the lung, intrapleural pressure, pressure-volume curve. Role of the surfactant. Elastic properties of the rib cage. Dynamic resistance to gas flow. Gas exchange - Partial gas pressure in the ambient, inhaled and alveolar air. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. Ventilation/perfusion relationship. Nervous control of breathing.
Physiology of the urinary system.
The nephron. Glomerular filtration and its regulation. Tubular functions: resorption and secretion. Resorption of water and solutes. Action of antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone and, natriuretic hormones. Excretion. Urination. Renal clearance: meaning, utility. Short-medium and long-term mechanisms of pH control.
Physiology of the digestive system.
Smooth muscle: functional organization and excitation-contraction coupling. Regulation of electrical activity and contraction of smooth muscle fibers. Functions and processes. Regulation of intestinal motility. Secretion. Phases of digestion: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal. Digestion and absorption.
Canale B
- CFU
- 2
- Teacher
- Roberto Panichi
- Teachers
- Roberto Panichi
- Hours
- 30 ore - Roberto Panichi
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- The function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and digestive systems.
- Reference texts
- L. Zocchi, Principi di Fisiologia -– Ed. EdiSES;
AAVV, Fisiologia dell'uomo-Ed. Edi-Ermes;
R. Poltronieri, Elementi di Fisiologia-
Ed. EdiSES - Educational objectives
- The objective of the course is to provide the knowledge and understanding of the functioning of the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and digestive systems.
- Prerequisites
- The student should have the fundamental knowledge of:
Physics
Chemistry
Biochemistry
Human Anatomy - Teaching methods
- Face-to-face lessons. Practical training could be carried out.
- Other information
- -
- Learning verification modality
- Oral exam.
- Extended program
- Physiology of the cardiovascular system.
Heart. Cardiac automatism: pacemaker cells of the nodal tissue, rhythmogenesis, and conduction of cardiac action potential. Mechanisms of atrioventricular delay.
Cardiac mechanics: Action potential of cardiomyocyte due to electro-mechanical coupling in cardiac fiber. Factors that determine the contractile strength of the heart. Isometric and isotonic contraction and the length-tension relationship in the cardiac fiber. Cardiac cycle: cardiac, arterial, and venous pressure changes. Heart valves and heart sounds. Cardiac output. Regulation of cardiac activity: Intrinsic Mechanisms and Frank-Starling Law. Effects of the autonomic nervous system. Electrocardiogram.
Principles of hemodynamics: Physical factors that regulate blood flow in the circulatory system. Relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance. The Hagen-Poiseuille law. Laminar and turbulent flow. Blood viscosity and hematocrit. Vascular compliance. Factors determining blood pressure. Functions of the arteries: elastic and resistance vessels. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure. Blood pressure measurement.
Physiology of the microcirculation. Mechanisms underlying blood-interstitium exchanges. Role of the lymphatic system Factors determining interstitial edema. Physiology of the venous system: mechanisms of venous return. Regional Control of Blood Flow: Metabolic, humoral and nervous mechanisms.
Short, medium, and long term Regulation of blood pressure. Baroceptive and chemoreceptive reflexes. The renin-angiotensin system. The kidney-body fluid system controls the blood pressure.
Physiology of the respiratory system.
Respiratory mechanics. Lung volumes and capacities. Lung and alveolar ventilation. Spirometric examination. Respiratory muscles. Elastic properties of the lung, intrapleural pressure, pressure-volume curve. Role of the surfactant. Elastic properties of the rib cage. Dynamic resistance to gas flow. Gas exchange - Partial gas pressure in the ambient, inhaled and alveolar air. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. Ventilation/perfusion relationship. Nervous control of breathing.
Physiology of the urinary system.
The nephron. Glomerular filtration and its regulation. Tubular functions: resorption and secretion. Resorption of water and solutes. Action of antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone and, natriuretic hormones. Excretion. Urination. Renal clearance: meaning, utility. Short-medium and long-term mechanisms of pH control.
Physiology of the digestive system.
Smooth muscle: functional organization and excitation-contraction coupling. Regulation of electrical activity and contraction of smooth muscle fibers. Functions and processes. Regulation of intestinal motility. Secretion. Phases of digestion: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal. Digestion and absorption.
MICROBIOLOGY
| Code | GP001728 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 2 |
| Teacher | Teresa Zelante |
| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Scienze biomediche |
| Academic discipline | MED/07 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
Canale A
- CFU
- 2
- Teacher
- Claudia Monari
- Teachers
- Claudia Monari
- Yoke Wei Alicia Wong (Codocenza)
- Hours
- 30 ore - Claudia Monari
- 7.5 ore (Codocenza) - Yoke Wei Alicia Wong
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Reference texts
- Microbiologia Clinica (Lanciotti)
Microbiologia Medica (La Placa) - Educational objectives
- Provide the students of the Degree Course in Nursing with the knowledge of Microbiology capable of guaranteeing the skills and competences required to achieve the essential levels of professional performance.
- Teaching methods
- Lectures
- Learning verification modality
- Oral exam lasting approximately 30 minutes aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge and ability to connect the contents achieved by the student.
Final grade: arithmetic average of the grades relating to the individual courses. For information on support services for students with disabilities and/or DSA visit the page http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa - Extended program
- Bacterial cell structures (Gram+ e Gram- cell wall, nucleic aid, cytoplasm, cytoplasmatic membrrane, mesosomes).
Facultative bacterial cell structures (capsule, pili, flagella, spore).
Bacterial virulence factors (toxins, capsule, adhesins, exoenzymes).
Metabolism, Nutrition. Colture mediums. Bacterial genetics.
General features of Fungi, Viruses, Protozoa.
Bacterial microbiota. Routes of transmission of infections.
Sterilization /Disinfection.
Bacteriology: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterobatteri, Neisseria, Legionella, Mycobacterium.
Virology: orthomyxovirus, measles virus, rubella virus, hepatitis A, B, C, HIV, HPV, Herpesvirus, Coronavirus.
Micology: cutaneous mycoses, opportunistic mycoses (Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus).
Parasitology: Plasmodium, Giardia, Toxoplasma.
Canale B
- CFU
- 2
- Teacher
- Roberta Spaccapelo
- Teachers
- Roberta Spaccapelo
- Yoke Wei Alicia Wong
- Hours
- 30 ore - Roberta Spaccapelo
- 7.5 ore - Yoke Wei Alicia Wong
- Language of instruction
- ITALIAN for all frontal lessons; English for Dr. Wong's additional lessons.
- Contents
- General Microbiology, General Bacteriology; General virology; General mycology; Special bacteriology; Special virology; Mycosis; Parasites; Antibiotics and antibiogram; Transmission and virulence; Vaccines and serums; Diagnostics of infectious diseases; Hospital infections; Cultivation and counting of bacteria; Methods for sterilization; Microbiome and human diseases.
- Reference texts
- The recommended reference text is "Microbiologia e microbiologia clinica. Per le professioni sanitarie e odontoiatria" di Simona De Grazia, Donatella Ferraro, Giovanni Giammanco. Publisher: Pearson.
In addition, students will be provided with the educational material used during lectures and scientific articles for the depth analysis of specific topics. - Educational objectives
- At the end of the course the students will acquire knowledge about: general characteristics of the main microorganisms; characteristics of the main micro-organisms responsible for human diseases; methods to prevent and counter microbial infections.
- Prerequisites
No prerequisites required.- Teaching methods
The course consists of interactive lectures.- Other information
- Attendance is mandatory: each student's attendance is recorded. In order to access the exam, students must have attended at least 75% of the scheduled classes.
The lessons will be held at the Didactic Center of the Pole of Medicine and Surgery, P.za Lucio Severi 1. - Learning verification modality
- Oral examination: will consist of a discussion lasting approximately 30 minutes, aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge and understanding achieved by the student as well as connection and integration of contents. The exam will be carried out at the same time as the Pathology and Physiology II module.
For information on support services for students with disabilities and/or DSA visit the page:
https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa - Extended program
- The main topics covered during the course are as follows:
General bacteriology: prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, bacterial cell structure, bacterial genetics, metabolism, nutrition, virulence factors; General virology: virus structure, viral replication, viral infections, antiviral drugs; Fungi; Protozoa; Transmission pathways of infection; Overview of the immune system (innate and adaptive); Serums and vaccines; Antibiotics and antibiogram; Sterilization and disinfection; Special bacteriology: the main pathogenic bacteria for humans: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, E. coli, Salmonella, Mycobacterium, Helicobacter, Clostridium tetani, C. botulinum, C. difficile, Treponema, Legionella.
Special bacteriology: the main pathogenic virus for humans: Ortomoxovirus: virus dell’influenza, Human papillomavirus; virus dell’epatite: HAV, HBV, HCV; HIV: virus dell’AIDS; Herpesvirus.
Fungal or MYCOSIS infections
PROTOZOAN infections - Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile
- Health and wellness
GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
| Code | GP001726 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 3 |
| Teacher | Teresa Zelante |
| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Scienze biomediche |
| Academic discipline | MED/04 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
Canale A
- CFU
- 3
- Teacher
- Teresa Zelante
- Teachers
- Teresa Zelante
- Maria Agnese Della Fazia
- Hours
- 30 ore - Teresa Zelante
- 15 ore - Maria Agnese Della Fazia
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- Intrinsic and Extrinsic Causes of Disease. Regressive and Progressive processes. Oncology. Classification of the tumors. Carcinogenesis. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes. Invasive cancer and metastasis. Acute and Chronic inflammation. Physiopathology of: the blood; of the heart and the blood vessel; of respiratory apparatus; of the liver; of the kidney; of endocrine system; Alteration of the thermoregulation.
- Reference texts
- G.M. Pontieri -Elementi di Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia generale- Per i corsi di laurea in professioni sanitarie-(Casa Editrice Piccin, IV edizione)
M. PAROLA- Patologia generale ed elementi di fisiopatologia, EDISES, EDIZIONE 2020 - Educational objectives
- The course of General Pathology and Physiopathology includes the study of the structural changes which come about in the organism and cause diseases and the changes at molecular, cellular, tissues and organs. In particular the teaching course is aimed at the comprehension by the student:
a) the causes (etiology) exogenic, endogenic which result in structural and functional alterations in the organs;
b) the molecular and cellular mechanisms (pathogenesis) by which the etiologic agents induce the damage;
c) the processes by which the organism responds to the damage, in order to reestablish the previous integral conditions (or a new condition of equilibrium). - Prerequisites
- In order to understand and know how to apply most of the knowledge provided by the teaching it is important to have successfully defended the exams of the first year of the degree course. The student must in fact possess the knowledge of the processes that take place within the cell and within and between the various organs and body systems. Required the exam in BASI ANATOMO FISIOLOGICHE. Students must know the basics of the profession of nursing.
- Teaching methods
- Lecture on subjects of the course.
- Other information
- Schedule of the lessons and exams: The schedule of the lessons and exams is posted on the Course website http://infermieristicaperugia.unipg.it/
Consulting hours and location: By appointment through e-mail. Teaching room, Building C, 4th Floor, Medicine and Surgery Course,Piazzale Severi, 1. Perugia.
For students with disabilities see the website http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa - Learning verification modality
- Oral examination: is a discussion (of 30 minutes on average), aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge, the property of language, the understanding reached by the student and the ability to integrate and connect the content of the course followed.The exam will also required the execution on the same day of the other modules.
For student DSA, visit the page:http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa - Extended program
- Principles of immunology
-Immune cells and organs.
-Functions of immune system cells.
-Ipersensitivity diseases (I, II, III, IV type).
Intrinsic causes of disease
Genetic Pathology
-Monogenic autosomic and heterochromosomic diseases.
-DNA mutation, mechanisms of DNA repair.
-Blood genetic diseases: Thalassemia, Spherocytosis, Depranocytosis, Hemophilia.
-Muscular Dystrophya.
-Chromosomal
alteration.
Numerical and structural alteration of the chromosomes (Down, Turner and Klinefelter syndromes).
Extrinsic Causes of Disease
-Physical agents.
Non ionizing and ionizing radiation. Low and high temperature: freezing and burn.
Low and high pressure.
-Chemical and Environmental agents. Environment pollution. Drugs.
Regressive processes
-Physiological and pathological Atrophy.
-Intracellular regressive processes.Vacuolar, hydropic and turbid degenerations. Hyaline and Mucoid degenerations. Steatosis.
-Extracellular regressive processes.
Amiloidosis.
Hyaline, Fibrinoid and Mucoid degenerations.
-Cell death. Necrosis. Gangrene. Outcome of necrotic process. Autolysis post-mortem. Apoptosis.
Progressive processes.
-Physiological and pathological hypertrophy and hyperplasia. -
- Regenerative process in labile, stable and perennial cells. Liver regeneration. Reconstitution process.
Molecular Oncology
-Classification of the tumors. Characteristics of normal and transformed cell. Metaplasia, Dysplasia, Anaplasia. Benignant and Malignant tumors. Histological classification and morphological features of human tumors.
-In "situ" carcinoma.
- Epidemiology of tumor. Carcinogenesis: chemical, physical (U.V. and ionizing radiations), viral, environmental.
-Co-carcinogenesis, mechanism of transformation.
-Molecular basis of the transformed cell. Pathogenetic mechanisms. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes. Control of DNA replication. Mutations. Hereditary tumor diseases. Karyotype and chromosomal alteration in tumor.
-Role of the apoptosis control in the tumor growth..
-Molecular pathology in DNA repair. Mismatch repair. Excision repair. Xeroderma Pigmetosum.
-Angiogenesis in cancer.
-Concept of invasive cancer. Metastasis and stage of the cancer. Molecular mechanisms of the metastasis. Metastasis routes.
Inflammation
-General characteristic and definition of inflammation. Recognition mechanisms of pathogens. Distinctive characters between acute and chronic phlogosis.
-Acute exudative phlogosis (Angiophlogosis) The inflammation phases. Plasmatic and tissutal mediators of inflammation. The exudation: different types of exudate. Acute phase proteins. Acute phase cells. The diapedesis, the chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. Different types of acute inflammation: serous, serous-fibrinous, fibrinous, catarrhal, purulent, hemorrhagic, necrotic- hemorrhagic and allergic.
-Chronic phlogosis. The cells of chronic inflammation.
-Chronic inflammation: granulomatosis and interstitial. Structure of granuloma: tuberculoma, syphiloma, rheumatic nodule and foreign body granuloma.
-Outcome of inflammatory process. The repair processes and granulation tissue.
PHISIOPATHOLOGY
Physiopathology of the blood
-Blood: composition, hemopoiesis.
-Alteration of the blood mass. The erytrocytes: Polycythemia and erythremia. Hemoglobinopathy. Anaemia.
-White blood cells and leukocytosis.
-The platelet, the hemostasis and coagulation. Haemorrhage. Thrombotic and embolic processes. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Physiopathology of the heart and the blood vessel
-Congenital and acquired heart defects. Endocarditis and valvulopathy. Ischemic heart disease. Heart attack. Myocardiopathy. Heart failure.
-Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications.
-Shock: cause of shock, evolution and phases, compensatory mechanisms. Edema.
Physiopathology of respiratory apparatus
-Pathogenesis of respiratory failure.
-Bronchial asthma.
-Obstructive pulmonary disease.
Physiopathology of the liver
-Liver primitive pathology. Inflammatory and degenerative processes. Hepatitis, Cirrhosis.
-Jaundice.
-Liver failure.
Physiopathology of endocrine system
-Endocrine pancreas. Diabetes Mellitus: etiopathogenetic and metabolic aspects, complications.
Alteration of the thermoregulation
-Fever, Hypothermia and Hyperthermia - Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile
- Salute e e benessere
Canale B
- CFU
- 3
- Teacher
- Teresa Zelante
- Teachers
- Teresa Zelante
- Maria Agnese Della Fazia
- Hours
- 30 ore - Teresa Zelante
- 15 ore - Maria Agnese Della Fazia
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- Intrinsic and Extrinsic Causes of Disease. Regressive and Progressive processes. Oncology. Classification of the tumors. Carcinogenesis. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes. Invasive cancer and metastasis. Acute and Chronic inflammation. Physiopathology of: the blood; of the heart and the blood vessel; of respiratory apparatus; of the liver; of the kidney; of endocrine system; Alteration of the thermoregulation.
- Reference texts
- G.M. Pontieri -Elementi di Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia generale- Per i corsi di laurea in professioni sanitarie-(Casa Editrice Piccin, IV edizione)
M. PAROLA- Patologia generale ed elementi di fisiopatologia, EDISES, EDIZIONE 2020 - Educational objectives
- The course of General Pathology and Physiopathology includes the study of the structural changes which come about in the organism and cause diseases and the changes at molecular, cellular, tissues and organs. In particular the teaching course is aimed at the comprehension by the student:
a) the causes (etiology) exogenic, endogenic which result in structural and functional alterations in the organs;
b) the molecular and cellular mechanisms (pathogenesis) by which the etiologic agents induce the damage;
c) the processes by which the organism responds to the damage, in order to reestablish the previous integral conditions (or a new condition of equilibrium). - Prerequisites
- In order to understand and know how to apply most of the knowledge provided by the teaching it is important to have successfully defended the exams of the first year of the degree course. The student must in fact possess the knowledge of the processes that take place within the cell and within and between the various organs and body systems. Required the exam in BASI ANATOMO FISIOLOGICHE. Students must know the basics of the profession of nursing.
- Teaching methods
- Lecture on subjects of the course.
- Other information
- Schedule of the lessons and exams: The schedule of the lessons and exams is posted on the Course website http://infermieristicaperugia.unipg.it/
Consulting hours and location: By appointment through e-mail. Teaching room, Building C, 4th Floor, Medicine and Surgery Course,Piazzale Severi, 1. Perugia.
For students with disabilities see the website http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa - Learning verification modality
- Oral examination: is a discussion (of 30 minutes on average), aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge, the property of language, the understanding reached by the student and the ability to integrate and connect the content of the course followed.The exam will also required the execution on the same day of the other modules.
For student DSA, visit the page:http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa - Extended program
- Principles of immunology
-Immune cells and organs.
-Functions of immune system cells.
-Ipersensitivity diseases (I, II, III, IV type).
Intrinsic causes of disease
Genetic Pathology
-Monogenic autosomic and heterochromosomic diseases.
-DNA mutation, mechanisms of DNA repair.
-Blood genetic diseases: Thalassemia, Spherocytosis, Depranocytosis, Hemophilia.
-Muscular Dystrophya.
-Chromosomal
alteration.
Numerical and structural alteration of the chromosomes (Down, Turner and Klinefelter syndromes).
Extrinsic Causes of Disease
-Physical agents.
Non ionizing and ionizing radiation. Low and high temperature: freezing and burn.
Low and high pressure.
-Chemical and Environmental agents. Environment pollution. Drugs.
Regressive processes
-Physiological and pathological Atrophy.
-Intracellular regressive processes.Vacuolar, hydropic and turbid degenerations. Hyaline and Mucoid degenerations. Steatosis.
-Extracellular regressive processes.
Amiloidosis.
Hyaline, Fibrinoid and Mucoid degenerations.
-Cell death. Necrosis. Gangrene. Outcome of necrotic process. Autolysis post-mortem. Apoptosis.
Progressive processes.
-Physiological and pathological hypertrophy and hyperplasia. -
- Regenerative process in labile, stable and perennial cells. Liver regeneration. Reconstitution process.
Molecular Oncology
-Classification of the tumors. Characteristics of normal and transformed cell. Metaplasia, Dysplasia, Anaplasia. Benignant and Malignant tumors. Histological classification and morphological features of human tumors.
-In "situ" carcinoma.
- Epidemiology of tumor. Carcinogenesis: chemical, physical (U.V. and ionizing radiations), viral, environmental.
-Co-carcinogenesis, mechanism of transformation.
-Molecular basis of the transformed cell. Pathogenetic mechanisms. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes. Control of DNA replication. Mutations. Hereditary tumor diseases. Karyotype and chromosomal alteration in tumor.
-Role of the apoptosis control in the tumor growth..
-Molecular pathology in DNA repair. Mismatch repair. Excision repair. Xeroderma Pigmetosum.
-Angiogenesis in cancer.
-Concept of invasive cancer. Metastasis and stage of the cancer. Molecular mechanisms of the metastasis. Metastasis routes.
Inflammation
-General characteristic and definition of inflammation. Recognition mechanisms of pathogens. Distinctive characters between acute and chronic phlogosis.
-Acute exudative phlogosis (Angiophlogosis) The inflammation phases. Plasmatic and tissutal mediators of inflammation. The exudation: different types of exudate. Acute phase proteins. Acute phase cells. The diapedesis, the chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. Different types of acute inflammation: serous, serous-fibrinous, fibrinous, catarrhal, purulent, hemorrhagic, necrotic- hemorrhagic and allergic.
-Chronic phlogosis. The cells of chronic inflammation.
-Chronic inflammation: granulomatosis and interstitial. Structure of granuloma: tuberculoma, syphiloma, rheumatic nodule and foreign body granuloma.
-Outcome of inflammatory process. The repair processes and granulation tissue.
PHISIOPATHOLOGY
Physiopathology of the blood
-Blood: composition, hemopoiesis.
-Alteration of the blood mass. The erytrocytes: Polycythemia and erythremia. Hemoglobinopathy. Anaemia.
-White blood cells and leukocytosis.
-The platelet, the hemostasis and coagulation. Haemorrhage. Thrombotic and embolic processes. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Physiopathology of the heart and the blood vessel
-Congenital and acquired heart defects. Endocarditis and valvulopathy. Ischemic heart disease. Heart attack. Myocardiopathy. Heart failure.
-Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications.
-Shock: cause of shock, evolution and phases, compensatory mechanisms. Edema.
Physiopathology of respiratory apparatus
-Pathogenesis of respiratory failure.
-Bronchial asthma.
-Obstructive pulmonary disease.
Physiopathology of the liver
-Liver primitive pathology. Inflammatory and degenerative processes. Hepatitis, Cirrhosis.
-Jaundice.
-Liver failure.
Physiopathology of endocrine system
-Endocrine pancreas. Diabetes Mellitus: etiopathogenetic and metabolic aspects, complications.
Alteration of the thermoregulation
-Fever, Hypothermia and Hyperthermia - Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile
- Salute e e benessere