Unit INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY

PHARMACOLOGY

Code	GP001539
CFU	3
Teacher	Maria Teresa Pallotta
Teachers	Marco Gargaro (Codocenza) Maria Teresa Pallotta
Hours	15 ore (Codocenza) - Marco Gargaro 15 ore - Maria Teresa Pallotta
Learning activities	Base
Area	Primo soccorso
Academic discipline	BIO/14
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Definitions of the drug. Pharmacokinetics: processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs. Variability of the biological response. Pharmacodynamics: mechanisms of action of the drug, binding to receptors or specific target molecules. Potency and efficacy of drugs, therapeutic index. Agonists and antagonists. Experimentation of drugs in the preclinical phase. Classification of the toxic effects of xenobiotics and mechanisms of cell damage.
Reference texts	R. Paoletti, S. Nicosia, F Clementi, G. Fumagalli: Farmacologia generale e molecolare, UTET, Torino and M.A. Clark, R. Finkel, J.A. Rey, K. Whalen: Le basi della farmacologia, Zanichelli and Caserett & Doull. Elementi di tossicologia, Casa editrice ambrosiana, 2013
Educational objectives	The main objective of the course is to provide the student with the pharmacological basis for understanding of the xenobiotics effects on subjects in the workplace. General pharmacology is the study of the fundamentals of drug action. It evaluates the relationship between the organism and the drug and analyzes the general mechanisms of the interaction between the two systems. These aspects can be translated to all xenobiotics (i.e. substances foreign to the organism). The main knowledge acquired will be related to: 1) absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs / toxic agents 2) routes of administration / contact 3) drugs / toxic agents target 4) mechanisms of xenobiotic toxicity 5) factors that influence the response to the toxic agent The acquired knowledge will allow the student to achieve the following skills: 1) understand the mechanism of action of drugs and toxic agents 2) understand the dose-effect relevance 3) how to prevent the appearance of toxic effects 4) how to determine the efficacy and toxicity of a drug
Prerequisites	To effectively follow and understand the topics covered in the Pharmacology module, it is essential for the student to have the general notions of Integrated Human Function Sciences and Human Morphology and Physiopathology. Knowledge of these topics is essential for the student who wants to follow the course successfully.
Teaching methods	The teaching of PHARMACOLOGY is organized in the following way: -lectures in the classroom on all the topics described in the program (theoretical part); - practical lessons: the practical course is organized in an intensive 10-hour module, in which the student performs a cytotoxicity test to evaluate the effect of a xenobiotic on cell cultures. Use of virtual programs on the observational study of pharmacological effects in mice and experiments on an isolated organ
Other information	Compulsory course attendance
Learning verification modality	witten exam multple choise
Extended program	Principles of general pharmacology, definition of drug. Bioavailability. Routes of drug administration. Pharmacokinetics. Absorption of drugs: membrane transport mechanisms. Drug distribution: drug-protein binding, apparent volume of distribution. Biotransformation of xenobiotics, Phase I and II reactions. Factors that influence the response to the drug: genetic polymorphism, physiological or pathological state, environmental factors. Enzyme inducers and inhibitors. Excretion of xenobiotics. Elimination mechanisms: renal, biliary, respiratory, milky. Pharmacokinetic parameters: volume of distribution, half-life time, clearance. Pharmacodynamics: mechanisms of action of the drug, binding to receptors or specific target molecules. Definition of the affinity constant, of the gradual and quantal dose-response curves. Potency and efficacy of drugs, therapeutic index. Agonists and antagonists. Toxicology: definition, purpose, fields of intervention. Classification of toxic effects, dose-effect relationship. Cell damage mechanisms. Fundamental secondary and side effects of drugs. Factors that influence the toxic response: factors related to the toxic, the individual and the contact time. Acute, subacute, subchronic, chronic toxicity, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, reproductive system toxicity, teratogenesis. Pharmacokinetic modifications in intoxications. Combined effects of chemicals, antidotes and their mechanism of action. Cyanide poisoning. Occupational toxicology: occupational exposure to toxic substances, risk estimation in the workplace. Experimentation of drugs in the preclinical phase. In vitro models: cell cultures, (types and possible uses). Laboratory equipment and reagents. Ex vivo experimentation: isolated organs (types and possible uses).

RADIATION PROTECTION

Code	GP001540
CFU	1
Teacher	Isabella Palumbo
Teachers	Isabella Palumbo
Hours	10 ore - Isabella Palumbo
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze della prevenzione e dei servizi sanitari
Academic discipline	MED/36
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	italian
Contents	Interaction of radiation with matter. radiobiology. effects of ionizing radiation . radioactivity and radioactive decay. principles of radiation protection
Reference texts	educational material provided by the teacher
Educational objectives	After completing the course the student should know the interactions between ionizing radiations and matter and principles of radiation protection
Teaching methods	face -to-face
Learning verification modality	evaluated by written exam
Extended program	Interaction of radiation with matter. radiobiology. effects of ionizing radiation. radioactivity and radioactive decay. principles of radiation protection:classification of workers and work areas, stochastic and non-stochastic effects of ionizing radiation, dosimeters , radioactive waste disposal, risks associated with the type of working activities, current legislation

INDUSTRIAL TOXICOLOGY

Code	GP001538
CFU	2
Teacher	Giacomo Muzi
Teachers	Giacomo Muzi
Hours	20 ore - Giacomo Muzi
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze della prevenzione nell'ambiente e nei luoghi di lavoro
Academic discipline	MED/44
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)