Unit MORPHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IN HUMANS

HUMAN ANATOMY

Code	GP003868
CFU	2
Teacher	Sara Chiappalupi
Teachers	Sara Chiappalupi
Hours	20 ore - Sara Chiappalupi
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/16
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGY

Code	GP003869
CFU	2
Teacher	Alessandro Tozzi
Teachers	Alessandro Tozzi
Hours	20 ore - Alessandro Tozzi
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/09
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Elements of neurophysiology. - Homeostasis and homeostatic mechanisms. - Passive and active transport mechanisms. - Structure and functions of the nervous system. - The resting membrane potential. The graded potential and the action potential. - Membrane receptors. Synaptic transmission. Propagation of nerve information. - Properties of sensory receptors. Amplitude, frequency and active line code. - Somatic sensory nervous system. Tactile and thermal sensitivity. - Nociception and mechanisms of modulation. - The autonomic-adrenergic nervous system. Elements of muscle physiology. - The skeletal muscle. The transverse bridge cycle. - Neuro-muscular synapse and electro-mechanical coupling. - Muscle twitch, summation of twitches and muscle tetanus. - Motor units. - Mechanisms of force regulation. - General organization of motor systems. - Spinal reflexes. The flexor reflex; the neuromuscular spindle, the stretch reflex. Elements of physiology of the cardio-circulatory system. - General organization of the cardio-circulatory system. - Structure and function of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. - The Flow equation. The Hagen-Poiseuille equation. - Cardiac Output and venous return; relative distribution of Flow. - The Heart. Cardiac electrical activity, the cardiac action potential. - The cardiac cycle. Cardiac mechanics: electro-mechanical coupling. - Effect of the autonomic nervous system on cardiac output. - Blood pressure: systolic and diastolic pressure. - Mechanism of short-term blood pressure regulation. - Role of the kidney in medium- and long-term regulation of blood pressure. Elements of physiology of respiration. - Respiratory mechanics: airways and lung ventilation. Boyle's law and thoraco-pulmonary equilibrium. Inhalation and exhalation. - Diffusion of respiratory gases. - Transport of O2 and CO2 in the blood. Elements of physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. - Functions of the digestive system. - Role of the enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system and major hormones in controlling the digestive system. - Movements of the gastro-intestinal tract. - Functions of the stomach. - Secretions of the exocrine pancreas and regulation. - Role of the liver in fat digestion. - Digestion and absorption of nutrients. Urinary system: outline of the physiology of the nephron. - Functions of the kidney. - The nephron and processes in urine formation.
Reference texts	Elementi di Fisiologia di Roberto Poltronieri; EdiSES
Educational objectives	To know the functioning of the main systems of the human body and the main regulatory mechanisms of different functions.
Prerequisites	Have acquired basic knowledge of Chemistry, Physics and si Biology.
Teaching methods	Lectures; power point presentations; on-going verifications.
Learning verification modality	Ongoing verifications with written tests. Final written and/or oral examination.
Extended program	Elements of neurophysiology. - Homeostasis and homeostatic mechanisms. - Passive and active transport mechanisms. - Structure and functions of the nervous system. - The resting membrane potential. The graded potential and the action potential. - Membrane receptors. Synaptic transmission. Propagation of nerve information. - Properties of sensory receptors. Amplitude, frequency and active line code. - Somatic sensory nervous system. Tactile and thermal sensitivity. - Nociception and mechanisms of modulation. - The autonomic-adrenergic nervous system. Elements of muscle physiology. - The skeletal muscle. The transverse bridge cycle. - Neuro-muscular synapse and electro-mechanical coupling. - Muscle twitch, summation of twitches and muscle tetanus. - Motor units. - Mechanisms of force regulation. - General organization of motor systems. - Spinal reflexes. The flexor reflex; the neuromuscular spindle, the stretch reflex. Elements of physiology of the cardio-circulatory system. - General organization of the cardio-circulatory system. - Structure and function of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. - The Flow equation. The Hagen-Poiseuille equation. - Cardiac Output and venous return; relative distribution of Flow. - The Heart. Cardiac electrical activity, the cardiac action potential. - The cardiac cycle. Cardiac mechanics: electro-mechanical coupling. - Effect of the autonomic nervous system on cardiac output. - Blood pressure: systolic and diastolic pressure. - Mechanism of short-term blood pressure regulation. - Role of the kidney in medium- and long-term regulation of blood pressure. Elements of physiology of respiration. - Respiratory mechanics: airways and lung ventilation. Boyle's law and thoraco-pulmonary equilibrium. Inhalation and exhalation. - Diffusion of respiratory gases. - Transport of O2 and CO2 in the blood. Elements of physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. - Functions of the digestive system. - Role of the enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system and major hormones in controlling the digestive system. - Movements of the gastro-intestinal tract. - Functions of the stomach. - Secretions of the exocrine pancreas and regulation. - Role of the liver in fat digestion. - Digestion and absorption of nutrients. Urinary system: outline of the physiology of the nephron. - Functions of the kidney. - The nephron and processes in urine formation.

GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Code	GP003870
CFU	2
Teacher	Teresa Zelante
Teachers	Teresa Zelante
Hours	20 ore - Teresa Zelante
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	MED/04
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Pathology and pathogenetic processes. Etiology of pathologies, the inflammatory process as principal pathogenetic mechanism
Reference texts	G.M. Pontieri - Elementi di Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia generale - (Casa Editrice Piccin) G. Majno, I. Joris - Cellule, Tessuti e Malattia - seconda edizione ( Casa Editrice Ambrosiana) F. Celotti - Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia - seconda edizione (EdiSES)
Educational objectives	Basic knowledge of the main mechanisms predisposing to pathology as tumours, inflammation, professional-induced and pulmonary.
Prerequisites	Basic knowledge of the main mechanisms of biology.
Teaching methods	Frontal lessons on all the topics of the Course, with presentation and discussion of slides.
Other information	Schedule of the lessons and exams: The schedule of the lessons and exams is posted on the Course website https://tepal.unipg.it/ For students with disabilities see the website http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Learning verification modality	Written test that consists in 10 quiz and 4 open questions.
Extended program	1. General Pathology, homeostasis and health status versus pathology 2. Inflammation and the Immune response 3. Chronic inflammation and chronic allergy disease-work correlated. 4. Adaptation mechanisms 5. Degenerations 6. Tumours and oncogenesis 7. Pathology due to altered movements 8. Noise induced pathology 9. Stress-induced pathology
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Salute e benessere