Unit PHYSICS OF MATTER
- Course
- Optics and optometry
- Study-unit Code
- A002491
- Location
- TERNI
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Alessandro Paciaroni
- Teachers
-
- Alessandro Paciaroni
- Hours
- 42 ore - Alessandro Paciaroni
- CFU
- 6
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2021
- Offered
- 2023/24
- Learning activities
- Caratterizzante
- Area
- Microfisico e della struttura della materia
- Academic discipline
- FIS/03
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- ITALIAN
- Contents
- Elements of the structure of matter. Glassy state of matter. Optical properties of materials. Interaction between electromagnetic radiation, in particular visible and UV, and matter.
- Reference texts
- Notes provided by the teacher.
- Educational objectives
- The main objective of the course is to provide students with the knowledge to understand the theoretical foundations underlying the properties of matter of interest for Optics and Optometry. The course also provides an introduction to the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter, starting from a quantum point of view and to laser physics.
The main knowledge acquired will concern the general principles with which the many-body problem is faced in the physics of matter and the potential of interaction between radiation and matter in experiments and applications.
The main skills that the course aims to transmit consists in knowing how to use the fundamental laws of the physics of matter to deepen the understanding of the properties of materials and the operating principles of the devices used in optics and optometry. - Prerequisites
- None
- Teaching methods
- The course is articulated in theoretical lessons.
- Learning verification modality
- Oral test to ascertain: i) the ability to understand the theoretical contents of the course (Dublin descriptor 1), ii) the ability to expose and correctly apply theoretical knowledge (Dublin descriptor 2), iii) Ability to autonomously formulate appropriate judgments and observations on possible alternative model (Dublin descriptor 3), iv) the ability in effective and pertinent written communication (Dublin 4 descriptor).
Regarding the questions in the oral exam, the questions about the interaction between radiation and matter - including the distinction between metals and insulators - will be crucial to assess the students' fundamental knowledge of classical and modern physics. This evaluation will focus on how this knowledge is integrated both theoretically and practically for use in the fields of optics and optometry. Concerning this more practical aspect, the oral exam will also aim to verify the students' understanding of the structural and elastic properties of materials for optics and optometry, especially glasses and polymers. The combined knowledge of the properties of radiation-matter interaction and the physical properties of materials for optics can also be applied in the technologies underpinning advanced optical research instrumentation. - Extended program
- Why Study Material Physics. (Simon)
Blackbody Radiation and Planck's Solution. (Tipler)
Photoelectric Effect: Phenomenology and Einstein's Interpretation. (Tipler)
Atomic Models, Bohr's Postulates, Electronic Transitions. (Tipler)
Spectroscopy, Absorption and Emission Spectra, Spectral Distributions. (Tipler)
Stimulated Harmonic Oscillator, Response of an Electron Distribution to an Oscillating Electric Field. Electron Response in Insulators. Lorenz Oscillator. Electron Response in Conductors. Drude Model. Optical Properties of Materials. Color Spectrum, Light Absorption, Scattering, and Reflection. (Colton)
Materials Classification. Atomic Bonds in Solids: Bonding Forces and Energies. Primary and Secondary Atomic Interactions. Covalent, Ionic, Metallic, and Molecular Solids. (Tipler)
Materials Structure: Crystalline, Polycrystalline, and Amorphous Solids. Polymorphism and Allotropy. Homogeneity and Anisotropy. Lattice Defects: Point, Linear, Surface, and Volume Defects. (Callister)
Applications and Production of Ceramic Materials. Glass and Its Properties. Viscosity Behavior of Glass as a Function of Temperature. (Callister)
Mechanical Properties of Materials: Elastic Behavior (Stress and Nominal Strain, Hooke's Law, Elastic Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio), Anelasticity, Plastic Deformation, Fracture Strength. Ductility, Elongation, and Percent Reduction in Area, Fracture Behavior (Brittle and Ductile Fracture), Elastic Recovery after Plastic Deformation. Hardness, Mohs Scale, Hardness Tests. (Callister)
Polymers: Chemistry of Polymer Molecules, Homopolymers and Copolymers, Molecular Weight, Degree of Polymerization, Shape, Structure, and Configuration of Polymers. Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Polymers, Degree of Polymerization for a Copolymer, Crystallinity of Polymers, Spherulites, Polymer Defects. Mechanical Properties of Polymers, Deformation Mechanisms. Vulcanization Process of Elastomers. Phenomena of Crystallization, Melting, and Glass Transition in Polymers. Synthesis and Production Processes of Polymers: Polymerization. (Callister)
Phenomena at the Interface Between Different Substances, Cohesion and Adhesion Forces, Wettability and Contact Angle, Young's Equation. Definition and Methods of Roughness Measurement. (Callister)
Materials for Ophthalmic Lenses: Mineral and Organic Lenses. Polymers for Contact Lenses. (Callister)
Diffusion, Fick's Laws, Diffusion Coefficient, Permeability Coefficient. Contact Lenses (CL) and Oxygen Permeability. (Callister) - Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile