Unit PHYSICS
- Course
- Medicine and surgery
- Study-unit Code
- GP004734
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Raffaele Silvani
- Teachers
-
- Raffaele Silvani
- Hours
- 62.5 ore - Raffaele Silvani
- CFU
- 5
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2024
- Offered
- 2024/25
- Learning activities
- Base
- Area
- Discipline generali per la formazione del medico
- Academic discipline
- FIS/07
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- Elementary mathematical analysis and vector algebra.¿Point mass and rigid body mechanics, anatomical levers.¿Fluid mechanics, blood circulation.¿Thermodynamics, thermoregulation of human body.¿Elatisc waves, human ear, ultrasounds in medicine.¿Electromagnetism, radiations in medicine.¿Optics.
- Reference texts
- D. Scannicchio. "Fisica biomedica". Edises (2013).¿Slides at the unistudium website of the course.
- Educational objectives
- Knowledge and understanding of the fundamental laws and principles of¿mechanics (of point mass, point mass systems, rigid body, and fluids),¿thermodynamics and electromagnetism.¿Ability to use the acquired theoretical knowledge for handling with¿methodological rigor the physical problems that arise in the medical field.¿Ability to relate to a problem with a logical, critical, and creative attitude,¿identifying the physical principles that underlie the problem.
- Prerequisites
- basic knowledge of algebra, trigonometry and mathematical analysis
- Teaching methods
- Face-to-face lectures on all topics of the course (exercises included).
- Other information
- None
- Learning verification modality
- The exam aims to assess the level of knowledge and understanding of physical laws and their application to medicine. The written test lasts 2 hours and includes both numerical exercises in physics applied to medicine and multiple-choice questions on the topics covered in class.
Information and support for special needs students can be found at the¿website: https://www.unipg.it/en/international-students/generalinformation/facilities-for-special-needs-students - Extended program
- MATHEMATICS FOR PHYSICS
Scientific method, Physical quantities, Units of Measurement (SI and CGS), Dimensional analysis, Vector quantities and scalar quantities. Phenomenological approach. Mathematical basics: Vectors, vector addition, dot product, cross product, graphs of known functions, functions in physics and their relation to formulas, trigonometry. Direct and inverse proportionality. Deduction of a law from the graph.
MECHANICS AND DYNAMICS
Trajectory and time-dependent equation. Velocity and acceleration. Time-dependent equations of certain motions: uniform rectilinear motion, uniformly accelerated motion, uniform circular motion, harmonic motion. Forces and principles of dynamics (Newton's laws of motion and introduction to the impulse theorem - bone fracture). Gravitational force. Elastic force. Frictional force (example of transport in a viscous regime). Torque of a force relative to a point. Translational and rotational equilibrium. Centrifugal force (centrifugation). Constraints and levers. Elasticity and Hooke's Law.
BIOMECHANICS
Joint equilibrium. Levers in the human body. Hooke's law applied to bone fractures. Tibia fracture. Bending moment.
FLUID MECHANICS
Density and pressure. Fluid equilibrium. Stevin's law. Archimedes' principle. Fluid motion: flow rate and continuity equation. Non-viscous fluids: Bernoulli's theorem. Viscous fluids: laminar and turbulent flow. Flow rate in a laminar regime. Reynolds number.
MECHANICS OF BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Hydrodynamic circuit of blood - application of Bernoulli's theorem. Vessel resistance. Blood viscosity. Anomalies in blood viscosity. Effect of hydrostatic pressure and heart pump. Cardiac cycle and blood pressure measurement.
THERMODYNAMICS
Thermodynamic system and state, temperature and thermodynamic scales. Internal energy. Heat and specific heat. Work in thermodynamics. Thermodynamic transformations. Conservation of energy, first law of thermodynamics. Ideal gases, Avogadro's law. NTP conditions. Real gases. Heat transfer mechanisms. Respiratory quotient. Metabolic rate and basal metabolism. Thermoregulation in the human body.
WAVES
Waves, harmonic motion. Energy of a wave. Fourier analysis. Reflection, refraction, and total reflection. Doppler effect. Sound. Sound pressure. Sound intensity. Levels of sound sensitivity. Stethoscope. Use of ultrasound in medicine.
ELECTROMAGNETISM
Electric charges and Coulomb's force. Electric field and electrostatic potential. Electric dipole and dipole potential. Dipole layer. Ohm's law. Physical description of a nerve fiber. Action potentials and their propagation. ECG, EEG, and EMG tracings. Magnetic field. Lorentz force and motion of a particle in a magnetic field. Magnetic moments and magnetic properties of matter. Electromagnetic induction. Brief mention of Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic waves.
OPTICS
Diopter. Thin lenses, conjugate point formula, dioptric power. Image construction by a thin lens. Eye defects.
RADIATIONS
Atomic and molecular structure. Electromagnetic radiation. Nuclei and nuclear force. Radioactivity. Law of radioactive decay. Electromagnetic waves in medicine. X-rays and their production. X-rays in medical diagnostics. - Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile
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