Unit ALGORITHMS FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
- Course
- Sustainable materials and processes engineering
- Study-unit Code
- A002470
- Curriculum
- Materiali per l'aerospazio
- Teacher
- Riccardo Scorretti
- Teachers
-
- Riccardo Scorretti
- Hours
- 90 ore - Riccardo Scorretti
- CFU
- 9
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2024
- Offered
- 2025/26
- Learning activities
- Affine/integrativa
- Area
- Attività formative affini o integrative
- Academic discipline
- ING-IND/31
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- ITALIAN (eventually in FRENCH or ENGLISH)
- Contents
- The course provides the basic skills necessary for the correct use of the materials used in the field of electric mobility. The main contents concern: references to quantum mechanics and statistical physics. Conductive materials: Drude, Sommerfeld and energy band models. Semiconductor materials, PN junction. Magnetic materials: diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism. Bertotti's theory of separation of losses. Hysteresis models (Jiles-Atherton, Energy-based model, Preisach). Sizing of a magnetic circuit. Hints of geopolitics concerning the origin and ethical and supply-chain implications of materials for electrical engineering (coltan wars, etc.).
- Reference texts
- Philippe Robert: Matériaux de l'électrotechnique (in francese). Vol. 2 del Traité d'électricité de l'Ecole Politéchnique de Lousanne, scaricabile gratuitamente (e legalmente) : https://www.epflpress.org/produit/792/9782889142286/materiaux-de-l-electrotechnique-te-volume-ii
- Educational objectives
- The course contributes to training the student on numerical modeling of materials for electrical engineering. It introduces methodological, modeling, design and connection between the various aspects of knowledge, and addresses the issues of sustainability, reliability of supply-chains and the ethical implications related to the use of certain materials.
The main objective of the course is to provide students with the basis for choosing the most appropriate materials, according to the application.
The main learning outcomes will be:
• Understanding of the physical principles underlying the operation of materials for electric mobility;
• Knowledge of the different types of materials, with their limitations and their cost;
• Knowledge of the social, ecological and geopolitical implications related to the extraction and purification of some "critical" materials. - Prerequisites
- In order to understand and be able to apply most of the techniques described in the course, preliminary knowledge of electromagnetism, electrical engineering, physics and computer skills and numerical analysis are required.
- Teaching methods
- The course is organized in:
• lectures in the classroom during which the topics covered in the course are addressed;
• exercises consisting of the creation of papers, also using open source FEM software.
All the teaching material used during the course – e.g. slides of the lessons, exercises carried out and proposed, tables, videos and other content – will be available through the Unistudium platform. - Other information
- Further information is available through the Unistudium page of the course. The teacher is available for consultations at the end of each lesson; consultations with the teacher in person or through the Microsoft Teams platform can also be agreed at other times.
- Learning verification modality
- The exam consists of two parts:
• a written test (2h)
• an oral test, only for students who pass the written test - Extended program
- Introduction.
• Materials for electrical engineering: an overview.
Quantum mechanics
• Schrödinger equation, wave eigenfunctions
• Mendéléev table, molecular orbitals and types of chemical bond
• Crystal structure and defects.
Conductive materials
• Drude model (of billiard balls): principle and limits (dependence of conductivity on temperature, thermionic effect, etc.)
• Sommerfeld model, conduction in metals
• Which conductor to choose depending on the application
• Availability and location of conductive materials worldwide. Ethical, environmental and geopolitical implications.
Semiconductor Materials
• Limitations of the Sommerfeld model, and why this model explains conduction in metals but not in semiconductors
• Crystal structure and energy states. Bloch's theorem and energy band model
• Electrons and holes. PN Junction Operation
• Temperature and voltage tightness of semiconductors. Large gap materials.
• Availability and localization of semiconductor materials around the world. Ethical, environmental and geopolitical implications.
Insulating materials (dielectrics)
• Basics of physics: polarization at the microscopic scale, D-field
• Dielectric strength and claquage mechanisms
• Dielectric behavior of gases, why and with which materials to replace SF6?
• Availability and localization of dielectric materials in the world. Ethical, environmental and geopolitical implications.
Magnetic materials
• Types of magnetism: diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
• Because classical mechanics does not explain magnetism, Bohr-van Leeuwen's theorem.
• Mild and hard magnetic materials.
• Permanent magnets, why are rare earths important?
• Magnetic hysteresis, hints of magnetic measurements
• Static hysteresis models: Jiles-Atherton, Preisac, Energy-based model
• Losses in magnetic materials: Steinmetz formula, theory of separation of losses, anomalous losses and their origin.
• Availability and localization of magnetic and rare earth materials in the world. Ethical, environmental and geopolitical implications.
Tutorial: Sizing a Magnetic Core - Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile
- Goal 4: Quality education
Goal 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production