Unit EPIDEMIOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Code	50996702
CFU	2
Teacher	Chiara De Waure
Teachers	Chiara De Waure
Hours	30 ore - Chiara De Waure
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline	MED/42
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Definition and objective of the epidemiology. Measures of occurrence, association and impact. Introduction to study design. Observational and experimental study designs. Bias.
Reference texts	Ricciardi W, Boccia S [Editors]. Igiene - Medicina preventiva - Sanita' pubblica. Idelson Gnocchi 2021 Manzoli L, Villari P, Boccia A [Editors]. Epidemiologia e management in sanità. Elementi di metodologia. Edi. Ermes 2015
Educational objectives	The aim of the course is to provide students with the knowledge and skills to produce robust evidence and to critical appraise the evidence within the health sector.
Prerequisites	Knowledge of secondary school mathematic and biology
Teaching methods	Lectures and exercises
Other information
Learning verification modality	Oral exam of around 15 minutes on one of the topic addressed during the course.
Extended program	Definition and objective of the epidemiology: origins, development and fields of application. Measures of occurrence: meaning and calculation of prevalence and incidence measures. Measure of association: meaning and calculation of risk ratio and odds ratio. Measure of impact: meaning and calculation of attributable risks. Crude, specific and adjusted rates: meaning and calculation. Introduction to study design: general characteristics and applications of different study designs. Observational study designs: requisites, characteristics and stages of implementation of cross-sectional studies, cohort studies and case-control studies. Experimental study designs: requisites, characteristics and stages of implementation of trials. Random and systematic errors: definition, consequences and methods of their control. Tools for drafting and reading a research protocol and a research article.

COMPUTER SCIENCE

Code	GP003880
CFU	2
Teacher	Carlo Taticchi
Teachers	Carlo Taticchi
Hours	30 ore - Carlo Taticchi
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze interdisciplinari
Academic discipline	INF/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Introduction to the operating system and work environment Word processing with Word or LibreOffice Writer Presentations with PowerPoint or LibreOffice Impress Spreadsheets with Excel or LibreOffice Calc Content publishing: HTML and basic CSS Bibliographic research in the biomedical field (PubMed)
Reference texts	Handouts.
Educational objectives	The course aims to provide the basic digital skills necessary for university study and professional practice. At the end of the course, students will be able to independently use the main computer tools for writing documents, organizing data, creating presentations, and researching scholarly literature, with an introduction to using the Web and publishing content.
Prerequisites	No specific requirement.
Teaching methods	Frontal lessons with slides and laboratory exercises.
Other information	Consultation hours by prior arrangement.
Learning verification modality	The exam involves a group project based on the selection of a scientific article from PubMed. Each group will be expected to produce a written report using Word, a presentation using PowerPoint, an Excel spreadsheet to represent the data in the article, and a simple web page to present the work. The project will be prepared as a group and discussed individually in the oral examination.
Extended program	Introduction to the operating system and work environment. Introduction to Word and preparation of a structured report. Mail merge. Introduction to Powerpoint and preparation of a presentation. Introduction to Excel and statistical functions. HTML language (basic and advanced tags, links, paragraphs, images and divs). Page composition and float elements. Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) language. Fonts, colors, character sets. Biomedical Databases (PubMed, Google). Searching for information in PubMed.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

Code	A003278
CFU	2
Teacher	Eleonora Brillo
Teachers	Eleonora Brillo
Hours	30 ore - Eleonora Brillo
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze ostetriche
Academic discipline	MED/47
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

MEDICAL STATISTICS

Code	50A00030
CFU	1
Teacher	Roberto Fabiani
Teachers	Roberto Fabiani
Hours	15 ore - Roberto Fabiani
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline	MED/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	ITALIAN
Contents	1) Statistics purposes and definitions 2) Types and scales of measurement 3) Summary measures: central tendency, and variability 4) Representation of data in graphs and tables 5) Theoretical probability distributions 6) Standardized normal curve 7) Inferential statistics 8) Point and interval estimates 9) Hypothesis testing: null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis 10) Tests of statistical significance 11) Contingency tables 12) Risk measures 13) Correlation and simple linear regression 14) Diagnostic tests 15) Critical analysis of literature and scientific papers
Reference texts	The notes taken in class and the slides made available by the lecturer. The slides are concise, so they are not material exhaustive of the topics covered for which the following text is recommended for reference and further study: Statistics for Biomedical Disciplines - Stanton A. Glantz. McGraw Hill Education, 2007. (with CD-ROM). ISBN: 9788838639258
Educational objectives	Know the essentials of medical statistics and be able to apply the knowledge to reading scientific publications (critically interpret the type of study design and statistical analysis, read and interpret tables, graphs and results of statistical methods used). Acquire the minimum skills that will help in the writing of the dissertation.
Prerequisites	None
Teaching methods	Theoretical and practical lessons
Other information	None
Learning verification modality	Written examination
Extended program	1) Statistics purpose and definitions Sample and universe Parameters and estimates Study design Types of study 2) Types and scales of measurement Nominal Ordinal Of interval Of ratio 3) Summary measures: central tendency and variability Mean Median Fashion Variance Standard deviation Range Interquartile range Coefficient of variation 4) Representation of data in graphs and tables Histograms Bar graphs Stem and leaf plot Dot plot Box and whiskers plot Pie charts 5) Theoretical probability distributions The normal distribution 6) Standardized normal curve Characteristics 7) Inferential statistics Sample distribution of the mean Central limit theorem 8) Point and interval estimates Standard error Confidence limits 9) Hypothesis testing: null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis Hypothesis formulation Decision criterion Statistical error of 1st and 2nd kind; Power of the test Sample size. 10) Tests of statistical significance. Parametric tests for independent data Parametric tests for paired data Nonparametric tests for independent data Non-parametric tests for paired data 11) Contingency tables Chi square test Yates correction Fisher's exact test 12) Risk measures Relative risk Odds ratio 13) Correlation and simple linear regression Correlation between variables Parametric and nonparametric correlation coefficient Regression line and regression coefficients 14) Diagnostic tests Sensitivity Specificity Predictive values of the test ROC curve 15) Critical analysis of literature and scientific papers Subject or hypothesis of the study Design Data analysis Presentation of results Conclusions
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Health and Wellness