Unit PHYSICAL COMPUTER SCIENCES AND MEASUREMENT

MEDICAL PHYSICS

Code	GP003900
CFU	2
Teacher	Stefania Sorbino
Teachers	Stefania Sorbino
Hours	21 ore - Stefania Sorbino
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline	FIS/07
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Fundamentals of classical physics: physical quantities, units of measurement, vectors, kinematics and dynamics. Principles of mechanics applied to the human body. Statics and fluid statics in biological systems: pressure, Pascal’s law, Stevin’s law. Fluid dynamics: Poiseuille’s law, vascular resistance, laminar and turbulent flow. Thermodynamics and heat transfer in the human body: conduction, convection, and radiation. Electrostatics and electric currents: charge, electric field, potential, Ohm's law, basic electrical circuits. Electromagnetic phenomena and interaction with biological matter. Mechanical waves and acoustics: sound propagation. Geometrical and physical optics: reflection and refraction laws, lenses and optical instruments, basics of microscopy.
Reference texts	Mencuccini, Nanni – Physics for Life Sciences – Ambrosiana Publishing A comprehensive text suitable for healthcare students, covering fundamental physics with biomedical applications. Serway, Jewett – Principles of Physics for Biomedical Sciences – Edises Good reference for deepening theoretical concepts and their medical and biological applications. Lecture notes and course materials provided by the instructor.
Educational objectives	The course aims to provide students with a solid understanding of the fundamental principles of physics, with a particular focus on their applications in biological and medical contexts. Students will gain the knowledge necessary to interpret physical phenomena relevant to biological systems, understand the operation of diagnostic and therapeutic devices, and apply basic concepts of radiation protection. At the end of the course, the student will be able to: Understand and describe the main physical phenomena involved in biological processes and biomedical technologies. Analyze simple physical problems related to the biomedical environment. Apply physics concepts to the functioning of diagnostic instruments (e.g., ultrasound, microscopes). Use appropriate scientific language to communicate physical concepts in biomedical settings.
Prerequisites	To successfully follow the Medical Physics course, students are expected to have a basic knowledge of mathematics, including: Arithmetic, elementary algebra, equations, and proportions. Basic functions (linear, quadratic, exponential). Basic trigonometry. Fundamental concepts of geometry and vector calculus. No specific prior knowledge of physics is required, although a general familiarity with high school-level physical science is recommended.
Teaching methods	Teaching will be delivered through traditional lectures supported by multimedia presentations, explanatory diagrams, and interactive simulations. Examples and practical exercises will be used during the lessons to support understanding of theoretical concepts. Tutoring and individual study support will be offered through guided exercises and group discussions. Teaching materials (handouts, slides, quizzes) will be integrated with digital resources available on the University’s e-learning platform.
Other information	Although attendance is not mandatory, it is strongly recommended to enhance learning and understanding of the course content. The instructor is available for clarifications and further discussion during office hours or by appointment. All teaching materials will be made available on the University’s e-learning platform. Any updates or course-related announcements will be promptly published on the platform.
Learning verification modality	Learning will be assessed through a written exam, consisting of: Multiple-choice questions on the theoretical content of the course and/or numerical exercises to evaluate problem-solving skills and the ability to apply concepts. The written exam will assess the understanding of fundamental concepts, the correct use of scientific language, and the ability to apply physics to biomedical contexts. The written exam will be followed by an oral examination. The final grade will be expressed out of thirty, with honors (cum laude) awarded for outstanding performance.
Extended program	1. Physical quantities and units SI units, fundamental and derived quantities Scientific notation and measurement errors Vectors: addition, decomposition, scalar and vector products 2. Kinematics and dynamics Uniform and uniformly accelerated motion Newton’s laws of motion Work, kinetic and potential energy, conservation of energy Momentum and collisions 3. Fluid mechanics Pressure, Pascal’s principle, Stevin’s law Archimedes’ principle Poiseuille’s law, viscosity, laminar and turbulent flow Physiological applications (blood circulation, capillary filtration) 4. Thermology and thermodynamics Temperature and thermometric scales Specific heat, thermal capacity, phase transitions Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation Basic concepts of the first and second laws of thermodynamics 5. Electrostatics and electrodynamics Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, electric field Electric potential and capacitance Electric current, Ohm’s law, resistance and electrical power DC circuits Physiological effects of electric current 6. Magnetism and electromagnetism Magnetic field, Lorentz force Faraday’s law and electromagnetic induction Basic concepts on interaction with biological tissues 7. Waves and acoustics Mechanical waves: frequency, wavelength, propagation speed Sound, sound intensity, decibel scale Ultrasound and its use in medical diagnostics (ultrasonography) 8. Optics Reflection and refraction Thin lenses and image formation Optical instruments: microscopes, magnifying lenses Basics of interference and diffraction
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

COMPUTER SCIENCE

Code	GP003897
CFU	2
Teacher	Antonio Moschitta
Teachers	Antonio Moschitta
Hours	16 ore - Antonio Moschitta
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline	ING-INF/07
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	This module presents introductory elements of informatics, focusing on the concept of computer and on its evolution, on the concept of operating system, and on the concept of software. Theoretical and practical knowledge concerning office automation software is provided, and basic characteristics of laboratory management software are introduced.
Reference texts	• Informatica, orientarsi nel labirinto digitale, Brian W. Kernighan, Egea • Introduzione ai sistemi informatici (5/ed), Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno e Luca Mari, McGraw-Hill • Informatica Medica, A. Rosotti, McGraw-Hill • Principles of Computer Science, Paul Tymann, Carl Reynolds, McGraw-Hill • Materiale a cura del docente, disponibile on-line sul sito di e-learning http://www.unistudium.unipg.it
Educational objectives	This module aims at providing concepts and basic instruments of informatics, useful to: • manage innovation made available by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in biomedical field; • support studies and research in science; • organize, process and communicate data and information; • acquire increased awareness of Informatics and improved practical skills.
Prerequisites	None
Teaching methods	Face to face, practical excercises
Other information	All the teaching material is available on the e-learning platform http://www.unistudium.unipg.it.
Learning verification modality	please refer to the description of the course that includes this module.
Extended program	1) Course presentation • Presentazione dei contenuti e degli obiettivi formativi. • Presentazione delle modalità di svolgimento del corso e delle modalità di verifica dell’apprendimento. 2) Introduction to Informatics • Introduction and general concepts. • Informatics in the biomedical field. • Historical Background • Evolution of computers and of Informatics. IT and ICT. • Classification of computers. 3) Computer architecture • The concept of computing. • Software, hardware, e firmware • Hardware: architecture and working principles of an electronic computer; processor; memory types; mass storage; I/O devices. Evolution of computers’ performance. • Software. Basic SW: operating systems, compilers/interpreters, libraries. The file system. Text and graphical interfaces (GUI and TUI). Application software. Utilities and tools. • The Windows Operating System: background and evolution, desktop and working environment File system. Resource manager. Using applications. Utilities. Help. Task Manager. 4) Briefs on information systems, on data bases and on medical informatics. • Data structures, on information systems and on data bases. • Medical informatics. 5) Networks, Internet, and Web. • Computer networks. Components. Protocols. • Network services. • Internet and World Wide Web. • Search instruments and methods. 6) Briefs on cybersecurity. • Definition of security and of cybersecurity. • Computer viruses and other cyber threats. • UserID e Password. • Good practices. • Computer and health. 7) Personal Computers • Definition and classification of personal computers. • Environment and work tools. • Applications. 8) Office automation. • Text Editors: WinWord. The window. Text insertion and modification. Formats and styles. Layout. Lists. Tables. Cliparts and images. Heading, footnotes, and page numbering. Inserting and editing equations. Printing. • Spreadsheets and main availble software tools. Introduction to Excel. The application window and its main features. Cell, row, and column elements. Excel sheets. Cell content. Cell reference. Data types and formats. Formulas and logic functions. Operators. Search and sorting. Predefined functions. Graphs. Pivot tables. 9) Software for laboratory automation • Architecture and working principles of management software • Specific requirements of medical lab management software
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS

Code	GP003898
CFU	2
Teacher	Paolo Carbone
Teachers	Paolo Carbone
Hours	20 ore - Paolo Carbone
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline	ING-INF/07
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Fundamentals of metrology and biomedical electronical instrumentation.
Reference texts	Handouts provided by the module instructor and available on the Course website. Moreover, the following book might be considered as a reference text (original English version available) : Strumentazione biomedica. Progetto ed applicazioni John Webster ISBN-10: 8879596640 ISBN-13: 978-8879596640
Educational objectives	At the end of this class students will have - Knowledge of metrology fundamentals. - Basic knowledge of electronic and biomedical instrumentation.
Prerequisites	None
Teaching methods	Frontal lecture.
Other information	Information about available services for people with disabilities and/or with learning disabilities, see: http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Learning verification modality	Written and oral examination regarding the subjects covered in all 4 modules of this class. The written test consists in 5 closed answer quizzes for each one of the 4 modules in the class program, for a total of 20 questions. The test duration is 30 minutes. Following the written test, an oral examination is requested that lasts about 15 minutes. The objective of both tests is that of verifying the level of understanding acquired by the students in the 4 class modules and in his/her capability to analyze simple practical oriented problems. The oral examination also test the capability of the student to synthetize 1 or 2 topics covered in the class program.
Extended program	Fundamentals of measurement theory: models, uncertainties, errors, International systems of units, uncertainty propagation law and related norms. Instrument calibration. Accreditation and certification in Italy and in the world. Electrical quantities and their properties. Fundamentals of electrical circuits. Sensors Biomedical signals. Electronic instrumentation. Fundamentals of biomedical electronic instrumentation.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Ob. 4 Ob. 9 Ob. 10