Unit MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BASIS OF LIFE

BIOCHEMISTRY

Code	GP001713
CFU	2
Teacher	Barbara Cellini
Teachers	Barbara Cellini
Hours	30 ore - Barbara Cellini
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/10
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

APPLIED BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

Code	GP001715
CFU	2
Teacher	Cinzia Antognelli
Teachers	Cinzia Antognelli
Hours	30 ore - Cinzia Antognelli
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Academic discipline	BIO/13
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Characteristics of living organisms. Biological macromolecules. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Viruses (overview). Flow of genetic information within a biological system and its regulation. Cell cycle and its control. Mutations: types and causes. Reproduction of multicellular living organisms: meiosis and gametogenesis. Basic concepts of formal genetics. Basic concepts of medical genetics. Blood types: immunological and genetic approach.
Reference texts	R. Roberti, G. Alunni Bistocchi, C. Antognelli, VN Talesa - Biochimica e Biologia per le professioni sanitarie – McGrawHill P. Bonaldo, S. Suga, R. Pierantoni, P. Riva, M.G, Romanelli- Biologia e Genetica – EdiSES The teaching materials are also available on Unistudium. Disabled students and/or with DSA are guaranteed all the compensatory and/or dispensatory measures provided for by current legislation in accordance with the University guidelines.
Educational objectives	The Applied Biology module represents one of the first preparatory courses of the Course of study in Obstetrics. As such, the main objective of teaching is to provide students with the foundations to tackle the study of both more complex basic disciplines (Histology, Anatomy, Physiology, Microbiology and Pathology) and specialist disciplines. The main knowledge acquired will concern the integrated study of the cell and living organisms, with emphasis on the: • molecular mechanisms involved in the biogenesis processes of organelles and cellular structures • interactions between cells and cells-extracellular environment • duplication, transmission and expression of genetic information • cell proliferation • basic concepts of general and human genetics.
Prerequisites	In order to understand the contents of the course it is necessary to have knowledge of the basic elements of chemistry.
Teaching methods	The course is organized in classroom lessons (face-to-face) on all course topics.
Other information	Site of the teacher: Department of Medicine and Surgery - Building B, 4° floor - P.le L. Severi 1 - Sant'Andrea delle Fratte - Perugia. Student reception: the professor is always available to receive students upon request via email (cinzia.antognelli@unipg.it).
Learning verification modality	The exam includes a final written test with LibreEOL (multiple choice tests that require reasoning) integrated with the Biochemistry and Physics modules of the same course. The test consists of 60 questions and 5 answer options, of which only one is correct, to be carried out in 60 minutes. The number of questions for the three disciplines takes into account the number of credits of the individual modules (24 questions in Biology, 24 in Biochemistry and 12 in Physics). One point is awarded for each correct answer; 0 points are assigned to incorrect or unanswered answers. The test as a whole allows you to ascertain your ability to know and understand the contents of the discipline. Students with DSA and/or disabilities are guaranteed the compensatory and/or dispensatory measures provided for by current legislation and the relevant UNIPG University Regulations.
Extended program	The characteristics of living organisms. Biological macromolecules: proteins, lipids and glucids (general characteristics). Models of cellular organization: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Viruses: general characteristics. Animal eukaryotic cell. Plasma membrane: structure and functions. The main mechanisms of membrane transport and cellular communication; cytoplasm; ribosomes; rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus; lysosomes; peroxisomes; mitochondria and the energy problem; cytoskeleton (general characteristics), nucleus and nucleolus. DNA and RNA: structure and function. Organization of chromatin, chromosomes. The eukaryotic gene. Gene expression: transcription, maturation of primary transcripts, genetic code, translation. Regulation of gene expression: general characteristics. Cell cycle: interphase, DNA replication, mitosis. Cell cycle control: check-point and CdK-cyclines. Proto-oncogenes, oncogenes and tumor suppressor. Gene mutations (point mutations, missense, nonsense, neutral mutations), genomic mutations (aneuploidy and polyploidy mutations) and chromosomal mutations (deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation). Human normal and pathological karyotype. Heterochromatinization of the X chromosome. Reproduction of multicellular organisms; meiosis and its biological meaning, gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis). Basic concepts of formal genetics: allele, haploid and diploid organisms, genotype, phenotype, homozygous and heterozygous organisms, dominance, recessiveness, Mendel's laws and extensions to Mendelian analysis (incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles). Basic concepts of medical genetics: family trees, dominant and recessive autosomal inheritance, sex-linked inheritance (X-linked and Y-linked). Multifactorial and polygenic inheritance. Mitochondrial inheritance. Blood types.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Health and wellness.

PHYSICS

Code	GP001714
CFU	1
Teacher	Andrea Biscarini
Teachers	Andrea Biscarini
Hours	15 ore - Andrea Biscarini
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze propedeutiche
Academic discipline	FIS/07
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Physical quantities and vector algebra. Point mass and rigid body mechanics. Musculo-skeletal biomechanics. Fluid mechanics, blood circulation. Elatic waves, human ear, ultrasounds in medicine. Thermology, thermoregulation of human body. Electromagnetism, radiations in medicine.
Reference texts	D. Scannicchio, E. Giroletti. "Elementi di Fisica biomedica". Edises (2023). Slides projected and downloadable from the UniStudium platform.
Educational objectives	Knowledge and understanding of the fundamental laws and principles of mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. Ability to use the acquired theoretical knowledge for handling with methodological rigor the physical problems that arise in the biomedical fields.
Prerequisites	Necessary prerequisites: basic knowledge of algebra.
Teaching methods	Face-to-face lectures on all subjects of the course.
Other information	None.
Learning verification modality	The exam consists of a single computer-based written test. The examination is aimed at assessing the degree of knowledge and understanding and the ability to apply the acquired competences to the biomedical field. The written test lasts 1 hour and consists of 60 closed-answer questions: 12 in physics, 24 in biology, and 24 in biochemistry. For information on support services for students with disabilities and/or SLD, visit the page http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Extended program	1 - INTRODUCTION 1.1 - Physics, physical quantities, systems of units of measurement. 1.2 - Elementary vector algebra. 2 - POINT MASS AND RIGID BODY MECHANICS 2.1 - Point mass kinematics. 2.2 - Point mass dynamics. 2.3 - Work and energy. 2.4 - Mechanics of point mass systems and rigid bodies. 2.5 - Levers and anatomical levers. 2.5 - Biomechanics of the musculo-skeletal system. 3 - FLUID MECHANICS 3.1 - States of matter. Elasiticy. Fluids. 3.2 - Fluid statics. 3.3 - Fluid dynamics and blood circulation. 4 - ELASIC WAVES 4.1 - Waves in elastic media. 4.2 - Sound and human ear. 4.3 - Ultrasounds in medicine. 5 - THERMOLOGY 5.1 - Elements of calorimetry and thermodynamics. 5.2 - Thermoregulation of human body. 6 - ELECTROMAGNETISM 6.1 - Electic and magnetic interactions. 6.2 - Electromagnetic waves. 6.3 - Radiations in medicine.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile