Unit FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID DYNAMICS AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES

NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

Code	A005987
CFU	3
Teacher	Bruno Brunone
Teachers	Bruno Brunone Caterina Capponi (Codocenza) Silvia Meniconi (Codocenza)
Hours	8 ore - Bruno Brunone 8 ore (Codocenza) - Caterina Capponi 8 ore (Codocenza) - Silvia Meniconi
Learning activities	Affine/integrativa
Area	Attività formative affini o integrative
Academic discipline	ICAR/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	English
Contents	Fundamentals of numerical modelling of flow processes in pressurized pipes will be illustrated with regard to both steady- and unsteady-state processes.
Reference texts	Ghetti, A. (1996). Idraulica. Edizioni Cortina (Padova), 570 pp.
Educational objectives	To simulate properly the behavior of pressurized flow in steady and unsteady-state conditions.
Prerequisites	There is no prerequisite.
Teaching methods	The course is divided into lessons and exercises. If allowed, some practical applications will be take place at the Water Engineering Laboratory (WEL) of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Other information	At the end of the course, summary lessons will take place, if necessary.
Learning verification modality	The exam is oral.
Extended program	Relationships Between Angular Deformation Velocity and Shear Stresses. Relationships Between Linear Deformation Velocity and Normal Stresses. Navier-Stokes Equations for Incompressible Fluids. Uniform Flow in Circular Pipes in Laminar Regime and Poiseuille's Formula. Dimensionless Form of the Navier-Stokes Equations. Fundamentals of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The first lecture introduces Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), explaining its purpose and general procedures. It covers the finite volume method and emphasises the importance of validating numerical data. Various application branches of CFD are presented, and the different software licenses available, both commercial and non-commercial, are discussed. The second lecture introduces the OpenFOAM software, detailing the available solvers and turbulence models. It explains the case structure, including the organisation of folders and files. Instructions are provided on how to run simulations in parallel, particularly in a cluster of computers. The cavity tutorial is analysed in detail, and the mesh generation software available for use with OpenFOAM is covered. The third lecture features a hands-on session on the 2D sloshing of water in a tank. To conclude and illustrate the OpenFOAM features, real case studies are explained, demonstrating the integration of experimental facilities with CFD studies.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	6: Clean Water and Sanitation 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure 13: Climate Action

PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS

Code	A005988
CFU	3
Teacher	Alberto Maria Gambelli
Teachers	Alberto Maria Gambelli
Hours	24 ore - Alberto Maria Gambelli
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Ingegneria dei materiali
Academic discipline	ING-IND/27
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	English/italian
Contents	This course aims to provide the basic knowledge relating to phase equilibia of multicomponent systems necessary for the rational understanding of chemical processes and the unit operations that constitute them with reference to their use in applications of energy interest.
Reference texts	Matteo Maestri. Fondamenti dei processi chimici. Principi di Termodinamica, cinetica e reattoristica chimica applicati allo studio dei processi chimici. Editore: Mc-Graw Hill, Anno 2021, ISBN: 978-8-83-865536-4 J.M. Smith, H.C. Van Ness, M.M. Abbott, Introduction to chemical engineering thermodynamics, Editore: McGraw-Hill, Anno edizione: 2005, ISBN: 978-0-07-124708-5
Educational objectives	The student must demonstrate: a) to possess complete knowledge of multiphase and multicomponent equilibria for the design and analysis of chemical processes and unit operations b) to be able to apply the above knowledge for the quantitative analysis of chemical processes through the resolution of problems concerning mass and energy balances and multicomponent and multiphase equilibria c) to be able to autonomously apply the knowledge covered by the course in solving problems relating to chemical processes
Prerequisites	Basics of thermodynamics and chemistry. Knowledge of the main mathematical functions and operators.
Teaching methods	Theoretical lessons and practical exercises on the topics addressed during the course
Other information	Examination schedule: the examination schedule can be found at the link: http://www.ing1.unipg.it/didattica/studiare/calendario-esami
Learning verification modality	Written exam followed by an oral test
Extended program	1. Phase equilibria in multicomponent systems 1.1 General inquiries on phase equilibria. Phase Rule and Duhem Theorem. Liquid-vapour equilibrium: qualitative behavior of binary mixtures. 1.2 Liquid-vapour equilibria in ideal mixtures. Raoult's law and Henry's law. Isothermal and adiabatic flash. 1.3 Real gas mixtures: compressibility factor, equation of the corresponding states. Equations of state of the virial and cubic type. Fugacity coefficients in ideal and real mixtures of real gases. 1.4 Example. Methanol synthesis cycle reactor and condenser. 1.5 Non-ideal mixtures and solutions. Homogeneous and heterogeneous azeotropes.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	7) Clean and affordable energy; 9) Industry, innovation and infrastructure; 12) Responsible consumption and production.

INTRODUCTION TO FLUID MECHANICS AND FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS

Code	A005986
CFU	3
Teacher	Bruno Brunone
Teachers	Bruno Brunone Silvia Meniconi (Codocenza) Caterina Capponi (Codocenza)
Hours	8 ore - Bruno Brunone 8 ore (Codocenza) - Silvia Meniconi 8 ore (Codocenza) - Caterina Capponi
Learning activities	Affine/integrativa
Area	Attività formative affini o integrative
Academic discipline	ICAR/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	English
Contents	Fundamentals of numerical modelling of flow processes in pressurized pipes will be illustrated with regard to both steady- and unsteady-state processes.
Reference texts	Ghetti, A. (1996). Idraulica. Edizioni Cortina (Padova), 570 pp.
Educational objectives	To simulate properly the behavior of pressurized flow in steady and unsteady-state conditions.
Prerequisites	There is no prerequisite.
Teaching methods	The course is divided into lessons and exercises. If allowed, some practical applications will be take place at the Water Engineering Laboratory (WEL) of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Other information	At the end of the course, summary lessons will take place, if necessary.
Learning verification modality	The exam is oral.
Extended program	Fluid Media as Continuous Systems. Density, Compressibility, and Viscosity (Measurement of Viscosity). Adherence Condition and Newton's Law. Equation of State. Lagrangian and Eulerian Approaches. Eulerian Derivation Rule. Local Continuity Equation. Transport Theorem and Global Continuity Equation. Local Equation of Dynamic Equilibrium and Statics. Stevin's Law. Properties of Fluids at Rest, Compressible, Heavy. Force on Flat and Curved Surfaces. Mariotte's Formula for Calculating the Thickness of a Tube. Measurement of Pressure. Formulating the Problem in Local Terms. Global Equation of Motion (and Hydrostatics) with the Transport Theorem. Euler's Equation. Bernoulli's Theorem for a Fluid Stream and its Geometric Interpretation. Torricellian Velocity and the Fundamental Equation of Outflow. Extension of Bernoulli's Theorem to Finite Section Flows. Gradually Varied Flows and Their Properties. Extension of Bernoulli's Theorem to Gradually Varied Finite Section Flows. Energetic Significance of Bernoulli's Trinomial (with the Transport Theorem). Extension of Bernoulli's Theorem to Gradually Varied Finite Section Flows of Real Liquids. Reynolds Experiment, Shear Stresses, Adherence Condition, Boundary Layer, Velocity Profile, Relative Roughness, and Darcy-Weisbach Formula. Evaluation of Continuous Head Losses (Nikuradse's Diagram and Moody's Chart) and Concentrated Losses (Borda's Formula and Some Recurring Situations). Verification of Short Pipelines. Pumping Systems: Design and Management Issues. Varied Flow in Pressurized Streams (Overview).
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	6: Clean Water and Sanitation 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure 13: Climate Action

DIFFUSION AND PROCESSING PROCESSES OF THERMOPLASTIC AND THERMOSETTING POLYMERS

Code	A005991
CFU	3
Teacher	Luigi Torre
Teachers	Marco Rallini (Codocenza) Luigi Torre
Hours	12 ore (Codocenza) - Marco Rallini 12 ore - Luigi Torre
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Ingegneria dei materiali
Academic discipline	ING-IND/22
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	The course will face the main aspects of the characteristics, properties and technologies of polymeric materials. Starting from the basis and from the chemical-physical characteristics of polymeric materials, the synthesis processes of polymers and their properties will be also studied. Finally, the main processes to produce polymeric products will be studied.
Reference texts	Fondamenti di struttura, proprietà e tecnologia dei polimeri a cura di Enrico Pedemonte http://nuovacultura.it/catalogo/fondamenti-struttura-proprieta-tecnologia-dei-polimeri/ R. J. Young and P.A. Lowel: Indroduction to Polymers. Chapman ed. F. Rodriguez: “Principles of Polymer Systems” Mc Graw Hill.
Educational objectives	Provide the student with an in-depth knowledge of the main characteristics of polymeric materials, and on their industrial production. Being able to understand the production process used for polymeric products and know the physical and mechanical properties of polymers and plastics.
Prerequisites	Math and advanced math, physics and chemistry.
Teaching methods	Video lessons and lectures.
Learning verification modality	Exam to get the open badge and final exam of the cluster.
Extended program	Solubility and absorption of polymers: Fickian diffusion and Case II, solubility criteria for polymeric materials, solubility parameter, Flory Huggings theory. Processing. Production processes of polymeric materials, Extrusion and co-extrusion basic concepts and operation. Fiber spinning and Filming: equipment and process modeling examples. Injection molding: principles of operation and main industrial problems. Processing of Thermosetting Materials.

RHEOLOGY AND VISCOELASTICITY OF POLYMERS

Code	A005990
CFU	3
Teacher	Luigi Torre
Teachers	Marco Rallini (Codocenza) Luigi Torre
Hours	12 ore (Codocenza) - Marco Rallini 12 ore - Luigi Torre
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Ingegneria dei materiali
Academic discipline	ING-IND/22
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	The course will face the main aspects of the characteristics, properties and technologies of polymeric materials. Starting from the basis and from the chemical-physical characteristics of polymeric materials, the synthesis processes of polymers and their properties will be also studied. Finally, the main processes to produce polymeric products will be studied.
Reference texts	Fondamenti di struttura, proprietà e tecnologia dei polimeri a cura di Enrico Pedemonte http://nuovacultura.it/catalogo/fondamenti-struttura-proprieta-tecnologia-dei-polimeri/ R. J. Young and P.A. Lowel: Indroduction to Polymers. Chapman ed. F. Rodriguez: “Principles of Polymer Systems” Mc Graw Hill.
Educational objectives	Provide the student with an in-depth knowledge of the main characteristics of polymeric materials, and on their industrial production. Being able to understand the production process used for polymeric products and know the physical and mechanical properties of polymers and plastics.
Prerequisites	Math and advanced math, physics and chemistry
Teaching methods	Video lessons and lectures.
Learning verification modality	Exam to get the open badge and final exam of the cluster.
Extended program	Viscoelasticity: Mechanical-dynamic tests. Torsion pendulum. Frequency dependence of viscoelastic behavior. Transitions and polymeric structures. Rubber Elasticity Rheology and Rheometry: rheological behavior of polymers viscosity measurement of polymer melts, time temperature superposition, Eq, WLF. Thermal analysis: calorimetry, thermo-gravimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermo-mechanical analysis.

THERMODYNAMICALLY CONTROLLED REAGENT SYSTEMS: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Code	A005989
CFU	3
Teacher	Alberto Maria Gambelli
Teachers	Alberto Maria Gambelli
Hours	24 ore - Alberto Maria Gambelli
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Ingegneria dei materiali
Academic discipline	ING-IND/27
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	English/Italian
Contents	This course aims to provide the basic knowledge relating to thermodynamics of reacting systems necessary for the rational understanding of chemical processes and the unit operations that constitute them with reference to their use in applications of energy interest.
Reference texts	Matteo Maestri. Fondamenti dei processi chimici. Principi di Termodinamica, cinetica e reattoristica chimica applicati allo studio dei processi chimici. Editore: Mc-Graw Hill, Anno 2021, ISBN: 978-8-83-865536-4 J.M. Smith, H.C. Van Ness, M.M. Abbott, Introduction to chemical engineering thermodynamics, Editore: McGraw-Hill, Anno edizione: 2005, ISBN: 978-0-07-124708-5
Educational objectives	The student must demonstrate: a) to possess complete knowledge of the principles of thermodynamics for the design and analysis of chemical processes and unit operations b) to be able to apply the above knowledge for the quantitative analysis of chemical processes through the resolution of problems concerning mass and energy balances and chemical equilibria of reacting systems c) to be able to autonomously apply the knowledge covered by the course in solving problems relating to chemical processes
Prerequisites	Basics of thermodynamics and chemistry. Knowledge of the main mathematical functions and operators.
Teaching methods	Theoretical lessons and practical exercises on the topics addressed during the course
Other information	Examination schedule: the examination schedule can be found at the link: http://www.ing1.unipg.it/didattica/studiare/calendario-esami
Learning verification modality	Written exam followed by an oral test
Extended program	1. Material and energy balances in stoichiometrically controlled reagent systems (combustion) 1.1 Stoichiometry requests. Reagent excess and deficiency. Stoichiometric evaluations. 1.2 Material balances on stoichiometrically controlled processes. Composition and analysis of exhausts. 1.3 Thermochemistry of combustion reactions. Heating value of fuels and heat of reaction. Hess's law. 1.4 Energy balances on combustion processes. Adiabatic flame temperature. Combustion efficiency. 2. Thermodynamically controlled reagent systems: Chemical equilibrium 2.1 Equilibrium condition for reacting systems. Gibbs free energy and chemical potential. Fugacity and activity. Reference states for pure and mixed gaseous and condensed systems. Standard free energy and equilibrium constant. Effects of temperature and pressure on equilibrium composition: Kirchhoff's law and Van't Hoff equation. Degree of advancement, selectivity conversion and yield. 2.2 Material and energy balances in simple and complex reacting systems. Calculation of equilibrium conversion and adiabatic reaction temperature. 2.3 Thermodynamic analysis applied to hydrogen production chain processes.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	7) Clean and affordable energy; 9) Industry, innovation and infrastructure; 12) Responsible consumption and production.