Unit VETERINARY ANATOMY

ANATOMY OF BIRDS AND LABORATORY ANIMALS

Code	A000590
CFU	1
Teacher	Francesca Mercati
Teachers	Francesca Mercati
Hours	10 ore - Francesca Mercati
Learning activities	Affine/integrativa
Area	Attività formative affini o integrative
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	This module is aimed at teaching the anatomy of birds addressing the following systems: skeletal, integumentary, digestive, respiratory, urinary, male and female genital, lymphatic and endocrine systems. Furthermore, the main anatomical structures that characterize rodents and lagomorphs will be described.
Reference texts	K.M.Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing. Testo di Anatomia Veterinaria. Antonio Delfino Editore Pelagalli Gaetano V., Virgilio Botte. Anatomia veterinaria sistematica e comparata. Edi. Ermes Cozzi, C. Ballarin, A. Peruffo, F. Carù. Anatomia degli animali da laboratorio. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Educational objectives	D1 - KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING At the end of the training activity, the student must: - know the systems and organs that make up the body of birds, rodents and lagomorphs. - know the topographical position and spatial relationships of the organs, their macroscopic and microscopic appearance. D2 - ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING At the end of the training activity, the student must: - be able to describe in detail the organs and anatomical structures that make up the body of birds, rodents and lagomorphs. - be able to describe the topographical location, the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the organs. - be able to recognize an apparatus or an organ by direct macroscopic evaluation. D3 - JUDGMENT ABILITY At the end of the training activity, the student must be able to: - evaluate the normal appearance of the systems and organs of birds, rodents and lagomorphs. D4 - COMMUNICATION SKILLS At the end of the training activity, the student must be able to: - fully and appropriately present the knowledge acquired, demonstrating the application of a correct approach to the description of an anatomical structure. - demonstrate language skills through the use of correct anatomical terminology. D5 - LEARNING SKILLS At the end of the training activity, the student must be able to: - consult and understand scientific texts and bibliographic updates, relating to the anatomy of domestic and laboratory animals. - possess a sufficiently broad mastery of the subject to guarantee an acceptable basis for continuing the course of study. Day-one competences ESEVT SOP 2023: 4, 6, 10, 11, 29.
Teaching methods	The course is organized as follows: - Lectures on all subjects of the course; Lectures will be carried out through Power Point slides that will be available to the students in Unistudium. - Exercises at the teaching center (polo didattico) to dissect birds and lagomorphs. Students will be divided into groups and there will be tutorials.
Learning verification modality	The learning assessment methods are reported on the page "https://medvet.unipg.it/files/lm42/msyllabus_mv_27082024.pdf" course "GP005360 - ANATOMIA VETERINARIA SISTEMATICA E COMPARATA ", responsible teacher "prof.ssa Luisa Pascucci"
Extended program	This module is aimed at teaching the macroscopic and microscopic morphology and topography of the following systems. BIRDS ANATOMY - Integumentary system: skin and annexes; skeletal system (1 hour). Respiratory and digestive systems (2 hours). Urinary, lymphatic and endocrine systems (1 hour). Male and female reproductive system (1 hour). ANATOMY OF LABORATORY ANIMALS - General characteristics of the main species of interest: rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit (1 hour). Integumentary and respiratory system (1 hour); digestive system (1 hour); urogenital system (1 hour). PRACTICAL LESSONS: dissection of chicken and rabbit cadavers (1 hour).
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Quality education

Anatomy I

Code	A005449
CFU	3
Teacher	Luisa Pascucci
Teachers	Luisa Pascucci
Hours	30 ore - Luisa Pascucci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi viventi
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	The subject aims to provide the student with the theoretical and practical tools for learning the embriology, the macroscopic, microscopic and topographical anatomy of the cardiovascular, respiratory and lymphatic systems
Reference texts	Textbook: - Pelagalli Gaetano V., Botte V. - Anatomia veterinaria sistematica e comparata - Edi. Ermes - Barone R., Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi Domestici, volumi 3, 4, 5. EDAGRICOLE - K.M. Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing, Testo di Anatomia veterinaria - Antonio Delfino Editore - Vol. I e II. Slides are used during the theoretical activity and are made available to the students in Unistudium.
Educational objectives	D1 - KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING . The student must demonstrate an adequate knowledge of organogenesis, macroscopic and microscopic structure, vascularization and innervation of all organs and systems that are the subject of study. They must also demonstrate knowledge of regional topography and the spatial relationships between the various anatomical structures covered. D2 - APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING. At the end of the course, the student must have developed the following skills: - ability to identify the organs and systems under study in histological specimens, models, viscera and cadavers; - acquisition of an analytical dissection technique; - familiarity with normal structures essential for the recognition of pathological conditions; D3 - INDEPENDENT JUDGMENT The student must be able to critically and independently argue the information provided by the lecturer during class and the information derived from the recommended texts. D4 - COMMUNICATION SKILLS At the end of the course, the student must be able to structure and present the knowledge acquired, supporting it with argumentative rigor, completeness, fluency, depth of analysis and the ability to make connections, both orally and in writing. D5- LIFELONG LEARNING CAPABILITY At the end of the training activity, the student must be able to: - relate, integrate and manage the acquired knowledge independently and in an interdisciplinary way; - apply what has been learned even in contexts that are unusual for the profession, including research; - master the subject in such a way as to be able to understand the contents of subsequent courses such as physiology and pathological anatomy, inspection, medical, surgical and obstetric clinic and instrumental image diagnostics. Day 1 Competencies: 4,6,10,11,29
Prerequisites	Histology and general veterinary embryology as well as the exemption from osteo-artro-myology are prerequisites for taking the examination for all other modules.
Teaching methods	26 hours of theoretical activity on all subjects of the course in a classroom of the Didactic Pole. Four hours of practical activity in the Light Microscopy laboratory (classroom VIII of the Polo Didattico) for the observation and identification of microscopic anatomy slides, in the anatomic classroom for the observations of organs and cadavers, and in the classroom IX of the Polo Didattico for the vision of anatomical models. Day-one competences, ESEVT SOP 2023: 4, 6, 10, 11
Learning verification modality	The learning assessment methods are reported on the page https://www.unipg.it/didattica/corsi-di-laurea-e-laurea-magistrale/archivio/offerta-formativa-2024-25?view=elenco&idcorso=278&annoregolamento=2024&tab=INS&idins=365784 ANATOMY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS;, responsible teachar: prof.ssa Luisa Pascucci
Extended program	THEORETICAL LESSONS: Introduction to the course. Indication of textbooks, methods for conducting practical lessons and examinations (2 hours). Cardiovascular system: embryogenesis of the heart (2 hours). Macroscopic anatomy of the heart and pericardium (3 hours). Topography, relationships, surface projection of the heart. Area of the heart. Cardiac cavities; openings, valves (3 hours). Elastic and muscular arteries, veins, capillaries. Ascending aorta, aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, carotids (2 hours). Abdominal aorta and its collateral branches (2 hours). Lymphatic system: organization and lymphatic vessels (1 hour). Macroscopic and microscopic structure and topography of the lymph nodes (1,5 hour). Macroscopic and microscopic structure of the thymus (0,5 hour). Macroscopic anatomy, microscopic anatomy and topography of the spleen (1.5 hours), diffuse lymphatic system (0.5 hours). Nostrils, nasal cavities (2 hours). Nasal conchae, respiratory and olfactory mucosa. Larynx, trachea (2 hours). Macroscopic anatomy of the lung. Division of the parenchyma into lobes (1 hour). Microscopic structure, pulmonary lobules, alveoli. Distribution of blood vessels (2 hours). PRACTICAL TEACHING: All observations and dissections are carried out by the students under the supervision of the teacher. Observation and dissection of the heart. Identification of the major efferent and afferent vessels (1 hour). Observation and dissection of: lymphnodes, spleen, thymus. Macroscopic features, species identification of the spleen (1 hour). Observation and dissection of the trachea. Macroscopic features, species identification of the lung, lung lobes (2 hours).
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	3, 4, 15

Anatomy II

Code	A005455
CFU	3
Teacher	Cecilia Dall'aglio
Teachers	Cecilia Dall'aglio
Hours	30 ore - Cecilia Dall'aglio
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi viventi
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Embryogenesis, macro- and microscopic morphology, topography of the following¿Anatomical systems: digestive, urinary, reproductive.
Reference texts	Textbook:¿Robert Barone "Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi Domestici" ed. Edagricole¿ K.M. Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing "testo di Anatomia veterinaria" Vol. I e II Antonio Delfino Editore –¿ ¿During the theoretical activity, slides are used and then made available to the students.
Educational objectives	D1 - KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING At the end of the training the student must: - know the digestive, urinary and reproductive apparatus and the organs of domestic animals . - know the topography and the spatial relationships of the organs, their macroscopic aspect and microscopic structure. D2 - APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING At the end of the training the student must: - be able to describe in detail the organs and anatomical structures of domestic animals. - be able to describe the topographic location, the macroscopic and microscopic features of the organs. - be able to recognize an apparatus and an organ by means of direct macroscopic evaluation. - be able to recognize an organ by means of its histological characteristics through the use of an optical microscope. D3 - MAKING JUDGMENT At the end of the training the student must: - be able to assess the normal appearance of digestive, urinary and reproductive apparatus of domestic animals. Day-one competences ESEVT SOP 2023: 4, 6, 10, 11, 29
Teaching methods	Hands-on activity in the Anatomy laboratory of the Teaching Pole for viewing digital anatomy and anatomical models.
Extended program	THEORETICAL LESSONS Digestive system: embryogenesis (0.5 hour) - Macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the oral cavity and tongue (2 hours) - Macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the pharynx and esophagus (1 hour) - Topography, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the stomach (2 hours) - Topography, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the small intestine (2 hours) - Topography, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the large intestine (2 hours) - Topography, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the liver and pancreas (2 hours) Urinary system: embryogenesis (0.5 hour) - Topography and macroscopic anatomy of the kidney (2 hours) - Microscopic anatomy of the kidney (2 hours) - Topography, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the ureter, bladder, urethra (2 hours) - Topography, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the testicle (2 hours) - Topography, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy epididymis, spermatic cord AA and VV testicles (1 hour) - Topography, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of penis and accessory sexual glands (1 hour) - Topography, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of ovary (2 hours) - Topography, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of genital tract (2 hours). PRACTICAL LESSONS: In the dissection room: all observations and dissections are made by the student under the supervision of the teacher. Observation and dissection of the esophagus, stomach, liver and pancreas (1 hour) - Observation and dissection of the gonads and genital tract (1 hour) In the microscope room: observations under the optical microscope of preparations of the digestive, urinary and reproductive systems (2 hours).
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Quality education

Anatomy III

Code	A005456
CFU	3
Teacher	Luisa Pascucci
Teachers	Luisa Pascucci
Hours	30 ore - Luisa Pascucci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi viventi
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	The subject aims to provide the student with the theoretical and practical tools for learning the embryogenesis and the macroscopic, microscopic and topographical anatomy of the following anatomical systems: nervous, tegumentary, endocrine and sense organs.
Reference texts	Textbooks: - Pelagalli Gaetano V., Botte V. - Anatomia veterinaria sistematica e comparata - Edi. Ermes - Barone R., Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi Domestici, volumi 3, 4, 5. EDAGRICOLE - K.M. Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing, Testo di Anatomia veterinaria - Antonio Delfino Editore - Vol. I e II. Slides are used during the theoretical activity and are made available to the students in Unistudium.
Educational objectives	D1 - KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING . The student must demonstrate an adequate knowledge of organogenesis, macroscopic and microscopic structure, vascularization and innervation of all organs and systems that are the subject of study. They must also demonstrate knowledge of regional topography and the spatial relationships between the various anatomical structures covered. D2 - APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING. At the end of the course, the student must have developed the following skills: - ability to identify the organs and systems under study in histological specimens, models, viscera and cadavers; - acquisition of an analytical dissection technique; - familiarity with normal structures essential for the recognition of pathological conditions; D3 - INDEPENDENT JUDGMENT The student must be able to critically and independently argue the information provided by the lecturer during class and the information derived from the recommended texts. D4 - COMMUNICATION SKILLS At the end of the course, the student must be able to structure and present the knowledge acquired, supporting it with argumentative rigor, completeness, fluency, depth of analysis and the ability to make connections, both orally and in writing. D5- LIFELONG LEARNING CAPABILITY At the end of the training activity, the student must be able to: - relate, integrate and manage the acquired knowledge independently and in an interdisciplinary way; - apply what has been learned even in contexts that are unusual for the profession, including research; - master the subject in such a way as to be able to understand the contents of subsequent courses such as physiology and pathological anatomy, inspection, medical, surgical and obstetric clinic and instrumental image diagnostics. Day 1 Competencies: 4,6,10,11,29
Prerequisites	Histology and general veterinary embryology and the exemption of Osteo-artro-myology are prerequisites for taking the exam of all other modules.
Teaching methods	26 hours of theoretical activity on all subjects of the course in a classroom of the Didactic Pole. Four hours of practical activity in the Light Microscopy laboratory (classroom VIII of the Polo Didattico) for the observation and identification of microscopic anatomy slides, in the anatomic classroom for the observations of organs and cadavers, and in the classroom IX of the Polo Didattico for the vision of anatomical models. Day-one competences, ESEVT SOP 2023: 4, 6, 10, 11
Learning verification modality	The learning assessment methods are reported on the page https://www.unipg.it/didattica/corsi-di-laurea-e-laurea-magistrale/archivio/offerta-formativa-2024-25?view=elenco&idcorso=278&annoregolamento=2024&tab=INS&idins=365784 - ANATOMY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS", responsible teacher "prof.ssa Luisa Pascucci"
Extended program	THEORETICAL LECTURES: Nervous systems: Nervous system embryogenesis: neural tube, encephalic vesicles. Central and peripheral nervous system. Nervous system of relationship life and autonomic nervous system (2 hours). Spinal cord: meninges, gray and white substance (3 hours). Nuclei of the base, midbrain, hemispheres, diencephalon. Brain blood circle (3 hours). Marrow cordons and direct and crusader bundles. Afferent and efferent pathways. Brain trunk (3 hours). Integumentary system: subcutis, dermis, epidermis (1 hour). Annexes of the skin: hairs, gh. sweat and sebaceous. Odoriferous glands. Structures corneas: plinth (2 hours). Mammary gland (2 hours) Endocrine system: pituitary-ipothalamus (2 hours), epiphysis, thyroid, adrenal gland (2 hours), pancreas and diffuse endocrine system (2 hours) Sense organs: eye (2 hours) and ear (2 hours). PRACTICAL LECTURES: All the observation and dissection were made by the students under the supervision of the teacher. Observation and dissection of the organs described in class 4 (hours)
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	3, 4, 15

TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY

Code	A005465
CFU	3
Teacher	Cecilia Dall'aglio
Teachers	Cecilia Dall'aglio
Hours	30 ore - Cecilia Dall'aglio
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi viventi
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Limits, relationships and stratigraphy of the different regions of the animal's body, relationships between the organs contained in the splanchnic cavities and course of the vessels and nerves.
Reference texts	Textbooks:¿Adalberto Merighi, Anatomia applicata e topografia regionale veterinaria - Piccin-Nuova Libraria, 2021; GRANDIS A., COZZI B., BOMBARDI C., GRAIC J.M., ACOCELLA F. Anatomia veterinaria regionale e applicata. Antonio Delfino Editore, Roma (2022). POPESKO P., Atlante di Anatomia Topografica degli animali domestici, voll. I, II, III, Grasso Editore, Bologna (1980). Robert Barone "Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi Domestici" ed. Edagricole¿ K.M. Dyce, W.O. Sack, C.J.G. Wensing "testo di Anatomia veterinaria" Vol. I e II Antonio Delfino Editore - During the theoretical activity, slides are used which are then made available to the students.
Educational objectives	D1-KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: at the end of the training activity, the student must demonstrate good knowledge regarding the division of the animal body into regions and the stratigraphy of each of them. The student must also demonstrate adequate knowledge of the organization of the various cavities present in the animal body and the topography of the organs contained therein. D2-ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: at the end of the training activity, the student must demonstrate that he or she knows how to project all the deep structures onto the body surface. D3-INDEPENDENCE: at the end of the training activity, the student will be able to reason and connect. D4-COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: at the end of the training activity, the student must demonstrate that he or she is able to use appropriate and specific terminology. D5-LEARNING ABILITY: at the end of the training activity the student will be able to learn independently and apply topography concepts to new scientific knowledge regarding clinical, diagnostic and inspection methodologies. Day-one competences ESEVT SOP 2023: 4, 6, 10, 11, 29
Teaching methods	Theoretical classroom activity on all the topics of the course. Practical activity in the dissection room with animals or parts of them on which to examine the regions of the body and carry out in-depth dissections. Hands-on with Digital Anatomy in the Anatomical Lab
Extended program	THEORETICAL LESSONS o Dorsal and costal regions (1h) o Sternal and diaphragmatic regions (1h) o Pleuro-pulmonary and mediastinal regions (1h) o Description of the course and relationships of the structures contained in the dorsal mediastinum: sympathetic trunk, azygos veins, thoracic duct, thoracic aorta, brachycephalic trunk and its main branches, thoracic tract trachea, thoracic tract esophagus, vagus nerves and lymph nodes. (1h) o Description of the course and relationships of the structures contained in the ventral mediastinum: heart, cranial vena cava and caudal vena cava, pulmonary trunk, phrenic nerves, thymus. (1h) o Lumbar and sublumbar regions (lumboiliac) (1h) o Ventrolateral regions of the abdomen and inguinal (1h) o Topography of the liver, spleen, stomach, pancreas and intestine in different animal species. (1h) o Topography of extraperitoneal organs (kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, abdominal aorta, caudal vena cava). (1h) Topography of the uterus and ovaries. (1h) Sacral and ischiopubic regions: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vascularization and innervation. Coccygeal region (not belonging to the pelvis but related). (1h) Perineal region in the female: limits, relationships, subdivision, stratigraphy, vascularization and innervation. (1h) o Perineal region in the male: limits, relationships, subdivision, stratigraphy, vascularization and innervation. (1h) o Topography of the rectum, bladder, vagina, urethra and glands annexed to the male genitalia (vesicular glands, prostate and bulbourethral glands). (1h) Mammary region (1h) Scrotal region: limits, relationships and stratigraphy. Topography of the testicles and their relationships in the different stages of development. (1h) Brachycephalic, jugular and parotid regions (1h) o Regions of the nape and subhyoid (1h) Superficial regions of the head (1h) o Deep regions of the head (1h) External, internal and occipital carotid arteries and their branches. Roots of the jugular veins. (1h) Cranial nerves and cervical spinal nerves destined for the head. (1h) o Limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vascularization and innervation of the thoracic and pelvic limb regions. (4h) PRACTICAL LESSONS · Dissection of the superficial and deep regions of the thorax, topographic relationships of the structures contained in the thoracic cavity. (1h) · Recognition and dissection of the superficial regions of the abdomen. Topographic relationships of the structures contained in the abdominal cavity. (1h) · Recognition and dissection of the superficial regions of the pelvis and the adnexa of the perineum. Topographic relationships of the structures contained in the pelvic cavity. (1h) · Stratigraphic planes of the neck and head regions. Stratigraphic planes of the limb regions. (1h)
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Quality education

OSTEO-ARTHRO-MYOLOGY

Code	GP005384
CFU	4
Teacher	Luisa Pascucci
Teachers	Luisa Pascucci
Hours	40 ore - Luisa Pascucci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Discipline della struttura e funzione degli organismi viventi
Academic discipline	VET/01
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Osteology, arthrology, myology of livestock and companion animals. Description of bones, joints and muscles of the skull,the neck, the trunk and the thoracic and pelvic limbs.
Reference texts	- R. Barone, Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi Domestici, Vol. I e II, EDAGRICOLE - Gaetano V. Pelagalli, Virgilio Botte - Anatomia veterinaria sistematica e comparata vol.1 - Edi. Ermes
Educational objectives	D1. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student must demonstrate adequate knowledge of the morphology, organization and orientation of bones, joints and muscles in various animal species. D2. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING At the end of the course, the student must have developed the following skills: - ability to identify bones, muscles and joints of the most common livestock (cattle, pigs) and companion animals (horse, dog and cat) also with regard to instrumental diagnostic techniques. - familiarity with normal structures essential for the recognition of pathological conditions; D3. MAKING JUDGMENT The student must be able to critically and independently argue the information provided by the teacher during the lesson and the information derived from the recommended texts. D4. COMMUNICATION SKILLS At the end of the course, the student must be able to organize and present the knowledge acquired, supporting it with argumentative rigor, completeness, linguistic features, depth of analysis and connectivity, both in written and oral form. D5. LIFELONG LEARNING SKILLS At the end of the course the student will be able to: - relate, integrate and manage the acquired knowledge in an autonomous and interdisciplinary way; - apply what has been learned also in contexts, including research; - understand the contents of subsequent courses such as physiology and pathological anatomy, inspection, medical, surgical and obstetric clinic, instrumental imaging diagnostics. Day 1 Competencies: 4,6,10,11
Prerequisites	None
Teaching methods	The course is structured as follows: - Lectures on all topics of the course. Lectures will be delivered using Power Point slides available to students. - Practical lessons based on the observation of bones and muscles will be held in the Osteo-Miology Room of the Institute of Veterinary Anatomy. - Practical lessons in the necropsy room. At the end of the lesson, students have free access to the Osteo-Miology Room for further observation of bones and muscles. Day-one competences ESEVT SO 2023: 4, 6, 10, 11
Learning verification modality	The methods of learning assessment are described on the page https://www.unipg.it/didattica/corsi-di-laurea-e-laurea-magistrale/archivio/offerta-formativa-2024-25?view=elenco&idcorso=278&annoregolamento=2024&tab=INS&idins=365784 - ANATOMY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS, responsible teacher: Prof. PASCUCCI LUISA
Extended program	The first phase of the course examines the objectives of anatomy, anatomical terminology, and the criteria for topographical orientation of bones, organs, and systems in domestic animals. This is followed by the study of the musculoskeletal system. THEORETICAL LESSONS Introduction to the course. Subjects of veterinary anatomy. Anatomical terminology (1 hour). Cervical vertebrae, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae (4 hours) Thoracic girdle skeleton (1 hour). Skeleton of the thoracic limbs: Humerus and radius, ulna and hand skeleton (carpus, metacarpals, phalanges) (4 hours). Pelvic girdle skeleton (2 hours). Skeleton of the pelvic limbs: Femur, tibia and fibula, tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges (4 hours). Neurocranium: occipital bone, sphenoid and ethmoid bones, temporal, frontal and parietal bones (3 hours). Splanchnocranium (2 hours). Introduction to myology (0.5 hours). Shoulder muscles, brachial, antebrachial and hand muscles (3 hours). Muscles of the pelvic girdle: gluteal muscles and deep pelvic muscles (1.5 hours). Muscles of the limbs: Thigh, leg and foot muscles (1.5 hours). Thoracic and abdominal muscles (1 hour). Introduction to arthrology (0.5 hours) Joints of the thoracic girdle and limbs: Joints of the shoulder, elbow and hand (1 hour). Joints of the pelvic girdle and limbs: Joints of the hip, knee and foot (3 hours). Joints of the axial skeleton (1 hour). PRACTICAL LESSONS: Observation of anatomical specimens of the axial skeleton (2 hour). Observation of anatomical preparations of the thoracic girdle and appendicular skeleton (1 hours). Observation of anatomical preparations of the pelvic girdle and skeleton (1 hours). Observation of the muscles and joints of the limbs in the sector room (2 hour).
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	3, 4, 15