Unit HUMAN ISTOLOGY AND EMBRIOLOGY

HUMAN EMBRIOLOGY

Code	GP001285
Location	PERUGIA
CFU	3
Teacher	Tiziano Baroni
Teachers	Tiziano Baroni
Hours	37.5 ore - Tiziano Baroni
Learning activities	Base
Area	Morfologia umana
Academic discipline	BIO/17
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Gametogenesis. Ovarian and uterine cycles. Fertilization. The first week of development. Blastocyst implantation. Embryo annexa. Placenta. Trilaminar germ disk. Neurulation. Somite development. Development of the embryo coelom. Folding of the embryo.Developments of the main anatomical systems: Branchial, respiratory and digestive apparatus; uro-genital, cardiovascular, urogenital system.
Reference texts	AAVVV., Embriologia umana, Idelson-Gnocchi. (Ed. 2019)
Educational objectives	Human Embryology course aims to provide the basic knowledge of the mechanisms through which the main human anatomical systems develop. In perspective, the course provides the instruments to know the mechanisms that lead to birth defects. The main skills the students will acquire are:-critical knowledge of the gametogenesis and of the first stages of embryo development;- critical knowledge of the mechanisms through which histogenesis takes place and main anatomical systems develop during embryogenesis.The main skills (ability to apply the acquired knowledge) will be: -critical knowledge of both main human embryo stages and first organ bud by examinating pictures, videos and useful didactical models of human embryos.
Prerequisites	In order to be able to understand the arguments treated in the Embryology course, students should have knowledge of the basic scientific notions acquired in high school on general biology (particularly regarding the structure of eucariotic cell, cell nucleus, citoplasmic organelles, transcription, translation, cell division) and chemistry (acid-base concept, ions, molecules and macromolecules). Moreover, it is necessary to have attended the course of Histology.
Teaching methods	The course in organized as follows:-lectures on all subjects of the course;-practical lectures consisting of:1. projection of movies of human embryology and critical examination of pictures and didactical models of human embryos (4 lessons of 1 hour each, preceded by an introduction lecture);2. critical examination of didactical models of human embryos (3 lessons of 1 hour each, preceded by an introduction lecture);3. simulation of two embryology tests with relative corrections. First simulation (1 hour) will be after general embryology course and it consists of a written test with multiple choice questions; second test (1 hour) will be after organogenesis course.
Other information	Mandatory attendance.
Learning verification modality	To assess learning, students will do a written “in itinere” test and then a final exam. The “in itinere test” is aimed to assess the learning level of individual students in relation to the course content. The test may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the didactic efforts made by teachers during the course.Test will be performed at the end of the study course and it consists of at least 30 multiple choice questions, each with five possible answers, one of which is correct (the test duration is around 30 mins).The final oral exam is about 20 min long.The aim of the exam is to assess knowledge and abilities (oral, written, listening, language) acquired by the student of Human Histology and Embryology course. Moreover, oral exam is used to assess communication skills and abilities to organize and synthesize the acquired knowledge into coherent arguments concerning the Histology and Embryology course.As a whole, the examination allows to assess the ability to apply knowledge and acquired skills, the ability of understanding the course contents, the ability to use a good technical language and to discuss the various relationships between histological arguments.
Extended program	EMBRIOLOGY: Spermatogenesis. Ovogenesis. Ovarian and uterine cycles. Fertilization. Zygote. The first week of development. Blastocyst implantation. Amniotic cavity, bilaminar germ disk and primary yolk sac. Embryo annexa. Placenta. Trilaminar germ disk. Neurulation. Somite development. Development of the embryo coelom. Folding of the embryo.ORGANOGENESIS: Development of the branchial apparatus, respiratory system and digestive apparatus. Development of skeletal and muscle systems. Development of urogenital system, body cavities and cardiovascular apparatus. Development of the central and peripheral nervous system.

HUMAN ISTOLOGY - MOD. 1

Code	GP001283
Location	PERUGIA
CFU	4
Teacher	Tiziano Baroni
Teachers	Tiziano Baroni Mario Calvitti
Hours	66 ore - Tiziano Baroni 5 ore - Mario Calvitti
Learning activities	Base
Area	Morfologia umana
Academic discipline	BIO/17
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Methods in Histology. Epithelia. Exocrine and endocrine glands. Connective tissues. Extracellular matrix. Connective tissue cells. Interstitial fluid. Adipose tissue. Blood. Hematopoiesis. Lymphoid tissue. Types of cartilage. Bone tissue. Bone formation.
Reference texts	Istologia umana -Autori vari-2017, ed. Idelson Gnocchi
Educational objectives	The course represents the first teaching with clinical interconnections. Main knowledge acquired will be: Knowledge and understanding of the structural basis of the tissues (microscopic and ultrastructural level) and of their morpho-functional correlations. Knowledge of the fundamental phases of histogenesis. Knowledge of the main laboratory histological techniques. Competence of the connections of the tissue distribution in the various structures of the human body as preparatory study of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Autonomous use of the optical microscope. Competence of recognizing in a critical way the various tissues in histological specimen through the optical microscope (OM).
Prerequisites	In order to be able to understand and apply the majority of the contents described within the course, the student must have acquired basic knowledge of cellular biology.
Teaching methods	The course is organized with face to face lessons with slide projections concerning the main topics.
Other information	The attendance is compulsory (at last 75% of lessons). Building B polo universitario- Pzza L. Severi S. andrea delle Fratte Perugia.
Learning verification modality	The exam include: A) Idoneative practical test on optical microscope (three histological specimen; 15 minutes) to check the ability to use the optical microscope, the knowledge of the main histological laboratory techniques and the ability to distinguish the various tissues in histological specimen. B) Oral exam of Histology and Embriology (almost three questions, about 20 minutes) to assess logical and knowledge competence learning and the ability to interpret data. More specifically, the student will have to show if he has learnt the main morphological, ultrastructural characteristics of the human body tissues. The oral exam will verify that the student is able to communicate, with method, propriety of language and of exposure.
Extended program	Methods in Histology. Lining epithelia. Exocrine and endocrine glands. Connective tissue. Extracellular matrix (fibers, collagen biosynthesis, basal lamina). The cells of the connective tissue. Adipose tissue (generalities, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue). Blood (blood cells, plasma). Types of cartilage. Bone tissue (bone cells, organic and inorganic bone matrix). Intramembranous bone formation. Endochondral bone formation. Bone healing. Course is also organized with 8 practical trainings of 1 hour each, for students divided into groups to critically visualize and recognize the tissues by means of light microscope.

HUMAN ISTOLOGY - MOD. 2

Code	GP001284
Location	PERUGIA
CFU	1
Teacher	Tiziano Baroni
Teachers	Tiziano Baroni
Hours	12.5 ore - Tiziano Baroni
Learning activities	Base
Area	Morfologia umana
Academic discipline	BIO/17
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Muscle tissue. General aspects of striated, smooth and cardiac muscle tissues. Nerve tissue (neuron, nerve fiber).
Reference texts	Istologia umana -Autori vari-2017, ed. Idelson Gnocchi
Educational objectives	The course represents the first teaching with clinical interconnections. Main knowledge acquired will be: Knowledge and understanding of the structural basis of the muscle and nerve tissues (microscopic and ultrastructural level) and of their morpho-functional correlations. Knowledge of the fundamental phases of histogenesis. Knowledge of the main laboratory histological techniques. Competence of the connections of the tissue distribution in the various structures of the human body as preparatory study of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Autonomous use of the optical microscope. Competence of recognizing in a critical way the various tissues in histological specimen through the optical microscope (OM).
Prerequisites	In order to be able to understand and apply the majority of the contents described within the course, the student must have acquired basic knowledge of cellular biology.
Teaching methods	The course is organized with face to face lessons with slide projections concerning the main topics.
Other information	The attendance is compulsory (at last 75% of lessons). Building B polo universitario- Pzza L. Severi S. andrea delle Fratte Perugia.
Learning verification modality	The exam include: A) Idoneative practical test on optical microscope (three histological specimen; 15 minutes) to check the ability to use the optical microscope, the knowledge of the main histological laboratory techniques and the ability to distinguish the various tissues in histological specimen. B) Oral exam of Histology and Embriology (almost three questions, about 20 minutes) to assess logical and knowledge competence learning and the ability to interpret data. More specifically, the student will have to show if he has learnt the main morphological, ultrastructural characteristics of the human body tissues. The oral exam will verify that the student is able to communicate, with method, propriety of language and of exposure.
Extended program	Methods in Histology. Lining epithelia. Exocrine and endocrine glands. Connective tissue. Extracellular matrix (fibers, collagen biosynthesis, basal lamina). The cells of the connective tissue. Adipose tissue (generalities, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue). Blood (blood cells, plasma). Types of cartilage. Bone tissue (bone cells, organic and inorganic bone matrix). Intramembranous bone formation. Endochondral bone formation. Bone healing. Course is also organized with 8 practical trainings of 1 hour each, for students divided into groups to critically visualize and recognize the tissues by means of light microscope.