Unit MICROBIOLOGY AND GENERAL PATHOLOGY
- Course
- Chemistry and technology of drugs
- Study-unit Code
- 65110712
- Location
- PERUGIA
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Donatella Pietrella
- CFU
- 12
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2018
- Offered
- 2019/20
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa integrata
MICROBIOLOGY
| Code | 65010706 |
|---|---|
| Location | PERUGIA |
| CFU | 6 |
| Teacher | Donatella Pietrella |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Discipline mediche |
| Academic discipline | MED/07 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | Cellular organization, metabolism and genetics of bacteria, fungi and viruses The microbial virulence factors and infection transmission routes. Infection control strategies (vaccines and antimicrobials). Disinfection and Sterilization Main microorganisms involved in human infections. |
| Reference texts | Medical Microbiology Patrick R Murray, Ken S. Rosenthal, Michael A. Pfaller. Elsevier |
| Educational objectives | The purpose of the present course is to acquire the following knowledge: Cellular organization, metabolism, genetics of microorganisms Positive and negative interactions between organism and man. Pathogenetic mechanisms of microbial infections; Vaccines in the containment of infection. Molecular targets for antimicrobial drugs Antibiotic resistance: mechanisms and prevention strategies |
| Prerequisites | For the understanding of the course the student should have basic knowledge of cellular and molecular biology, anatomy, physiology and biochemistry. |
| Teaching methods | Face-to-face |
| Other information | Recommended attendance |
| Learning verification modality | Progress assessments and final oral exam |
| Extended program | History of microbiology. Microorganisms prokaryotes and eukaryotes: characteristics. Classification and nomenclature of microorganisms. The gut flora. Biotechnology in the pharmaceutical field. Bacteriology: Structures of the bacterial cell. Classification and morphology of bacteria, bacterial metabolism. Spores. Bacterial metabolism and physiology: nutrition, respiration, fermentation. Bacterial growth counts of bacteria, growth curve, culture media. bacterial genetics (transduction, conjugation and transformation) and gene regulation mechanisms. Virulence factors: adhesins, capsule, exoenzymes, bacterial toxins (characteristics and mechanism of action), biofilm formation. Antibacterial drugs. Main classes (wall inhibitors and protein synthesis, transcription, DNA replication, bacterial metabolism inhibitors) and relevant bacterial resistance mechanisms. Antibiogram. Main bacteria of clinical interest (Clostridia, Staphylococci, Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Virology: Classification, structure and replication of viruses. viral pathogenesis. antiviral drugs. General principles for the laboratory diagnosis: serological and molecular diagnosis. Main human pathogenic viruses: orthomyxovirus, hepatitis viruses Mycology: Fungi General. pathogenicity mechanisms. superficial and deep mycosis. antifungal drugs. Transmission mode of infectious diseases Control strategies of infections: disinfection, sterilization. Vaccines and immune sera. |
GENERAL PATHOLOGY
| Code | 65011406 |
|---|---|
| Location | PERUGIA |
| CFU | 6 |
| Teacher | Maria Agnese Della Fazia |
| Teachers |
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| Hours |
|
| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Discipline mediche |
| Academic discipline | MED/04 |
| Type of study-unit | Obbligatorio (Required) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | Intrinsic and Extrinsic Causes of Disease. Regressive and Progressive processes. Acute and Chronic inflammation. Physiopathology of: the blood; of the heart and the blood vessel; of respiratory apparatus; of the liver; of the kidney; of endocrine system; Alteration of the thermoregulation. |
| Reference texts | G.M. Pontieri - Patologia Generale vol. I, Fisiopatologia generale vol. II (Casa Editrice Piccin; V edizione) |
| Educational objectives | The course of General Pathology includes the study of the structural changes which come about in the organism and cause diseases and the changes at molecular, cellular, tissues and organs. In particular the teaching course is aimed at the comprehension by the student: a) the causes (etiology) exogenic, endogenic which result in structural and functional alterations in the organs; b) the molecular and cellular mechanisms (pathogenesis) by which the etiologic agents induce the damage; c) the processes by which the organism responds to the damage, in order to reestablish the previous integral conditions (or a new condition of equilibrium). |
| Prerequisites | For the understanding of the course the student should have basic knowledge of cellular and molecular biology, anatomy, physiology and biochemistry |
| Teaching methods | Lecture on subjects of the course. |
| Learning verification modality | Oral examination: is a discussion (of 30 minutes on average), aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge, the property of language, the understanding reached by the student and the ability to integrate and connect the content of the course followed. |
| Extended program | Principles of immunology -Immune cells and organs. -Functions of immune system cells. -Ipersensitivity diseases (I, II, III, IV type). Intrinsic causes of disease Genetic Pathology -Monogenic autosomic and heterochromosomic diseases. -DNA mutation, mechanisms of DNA repair. -Blood genetic diseases: Thalassemia, Spherocytosis, Depranocytosis, Hemophilia. -Muscular Dystrophya. -Chromosomal alteration. Numerical and structural alteration of the chromosomes (Down, Turner and Klinefelter syndromes). Extrinsic Causes of Disease -Physical agents. Non ionizing and ionizing radiation. Low and high temperature: freezing and burn. Low and high pressure. -Chemical and Environmental agents. Environment pollution. Drugs. Cellular Pathology -The cell: structure and principal functions. -Elementary injury of the cell. Pathology of nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, peroxisome, Golgi apparatus and cell membrane. Regressive processes -Physiological and pathological Atrophy. -Intracellular regressive processes. Vacuolar, hydropic and turbid degenerations. Hyaline and Mucoid degenerations. Steatosis. -Extracellular regressive processes. Amiloidosis. Hyaline, Fibrinoid and Mucoid degenerations. -Cell death. Necrosis. Gangrene. Outcome of necrotic process. Autolysis post-mortem. Apoptosis. Progressive processes. -Physiological and pathological hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Regenerative process in labile, stable and perennial cells. Liver regeneration, reconstitution process. Molecular Oncology -Classification of the tumors. Characteristics of normal and transformed cell. Metaplasia, Dysplasia, Anaplasia. Benignant and Malignant tumors. Histological classification and morphological features of human tumors. -In "situ" carcinoma. -Epidemiology of tumor. Carcinogenesis: chemical, physical (U.V. and ionizing radiations), viral, environmental. -Co-carcinogenesis, mechanism of transformation. -Molecular basis of the transformed cell. Pathogenetic mechanisms. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes. Control of DNA replication. Mutations. Hereditary tumor diseases. Karyotype and chromosomal alteration in tumor. -Role of the apoptosis control in the tumor growth.. -Molecular pathology in DNA repair. Mismatch repair. Excision repair. Xeroderma Pigmetosum. -Angiogenesis in cancer. -Concept of invasive cancer. Metastasis and stage of the cancer. Molecular mechanisms of the metastasis. Metastasis routes. Inflammation -General characteristic and definition of inflammation. Recognition mechanisms of pathogens. Distinctive characters between acute and chronic phlogosis. -Acute exudative phlogosis (Angiophlogosis). The inflammation phases. Plasmatic and tissutal mediators of inflammation. The exudation: different types of exudate. Acute phase proteins. Acute phase cells. The diapedesis, the chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. Different types of acute inflammation: serous, serous-fibrinous, fibrinous, catarrhal, purulent, hemorrhagic, necrotic- hemorrhagic and allergic. -Chronic phlogosis. The cells of chronic inflammation. -Chronic inflammation: granulomatosis and interstitial. Structure of granuloma: tuberculoma, syphiloma, rheumatic nodule and foreign body granuloma. -Outcome of inflammatory process. The repair processes and granulation tissue. PHISIOPATHOLOGY Physiopathology of the blood -Blood: composition, hemopoiesis. -Alteration of the blood mass. The erytrocytes: Polycythemia and erythremia. Hemoglobinopathy. Anaemia. -White blood cells and leukocytosis. -The platelet, the hemostasis and coagulation. Haemorrhage. Thrombotic and embolic processes. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Physiopathology of the heart and the blood vessel -Congenital and acquired heart defects. Endocarditis and valvulopathy. Ischemic heart disease. Heart attack. Myocardiopathy. Heart failure. -Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications. -Shock: cause of shock, evolution and phases, compensatory mechanisms. Edema. Physiopathology of respiratory apparatus -Pathogenesis of respiratory failure. -Bronchial asthma. -Obstructive pulmonary disease. Physiopathology of the liver -Liver primitive pathology. Inflammatory and degenerative processes. Hepatitis, Cirrhosis. -Jaundice. -Liver Failure. Physiopathology of the kidney - Renal failure. Physiopathology of endocrine system -Thyroid: hypo- and hyper-thyroidism. Thyroid goiter. Thyroiditis. -Endocrine pancreas. Diabetes Mellitus: etiopathogenetic and metabolic aspects, complications. Alteration of the thermoregulation -Fever. Hypothermia and Hyperthermia. |