Unit GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY, PHARMACOGNOSY AND TOXICOLOGY
- Course
- Chemistry and technology of drugs
- Study-unit Code
- 65485010
- Location
- PERUGIA
- Curriculum
- In all curricula
- Teacher
- Ciriana Orabona
- Teachers
-
- Ciriana Orabona
- Claudia Volpi (Codocenza)
- Hours
- 40 ore - Ciriana Orabona
- 40 ore (Codocenza) - Claudia Volpi
- CFU
- 10
- Course Regulation
- Coorte 2020
- Offered
- 2022/23
- Learning activities
- Caratterizzante
- Area
- Discipline biologiche e farmacologiche
- Academic discipline
- BIO/14
- Type of study-unit
- Obbligatorio (Required)
- Type of learning activities
- Attività formativa monodisciplinare
- Language of instruction
- Italian
- Contents
- PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY: General principles of Pharmacology.
Pharmacokinetics: disposition and metabolisms of drugs. Drug
development, evaluation of new drugs and principles of therapeutics.
Pharmacodynamics: drug receptors and mechanisms of signal
transduction. Pharmacology for special patient populations.
PHARMACOGNOSY: Classification of plants (family, genus and species).
Definition of drug and active principles. Extraction methods. Example of
biological active plants. - Reference texts
- Clementi F., Fumagalli G. Farmacologia Generale e molecolare. EDRA.
A. Bruni- Farmacognosia generale e Applicata-Piccin;F. Capasso, R. De
Pasquale, G. Grandolini, N. Mascolo- Farmacognosia- Springer - Educational objectives
- The course of General pharmacology, pharmacognosy and toxicology is
the first of three teachings of Pharmacology. The main goal of education
is to provide to the students the pharmacological basis for the
understanding of the following two teachings, represented by
Pharmacotherapy and biodrugs and Experimental
Pharmacology. The general pharmacology is the study of the
fundamentals of drug action that evaluates the relationship between
body and drug, and analyzes the general mechanisms of interaction
between the two systems. All the drugs share some general principles
that are independent of the nature of the effect and which are common to all. The knowledge gained will enable the student to achieve the
following skills: 1) to be able to calculate the correct dosage of a drug 2) to avoid toxic effects 3) rational use of medicines and to achieve maximum efficacy with minimal toxicity.
Pharmacognosy teaching provides knowledge about crude drug and active principles, classes of secondary active metabolites, extraction
methods. - Prerequisites
- The student who is going to the course Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy
and Toxicology must have successfully passed the exams of General and
Applied Biochemistry and General Physiology which would allow him to
easily understand the path of a drug in the body. It would be very useful that the student had successfully passed the exam in Molecular Biology.
To effectively follow and understand the topics covered by
Pharmacognosy is necessary for the student to have a basic knowledge
of Plant Biology. The knowledge of these topics is indispensable for the student who wants to follow the course with profit. - Teaching methods
- Face-to-face teaching
- Other information
- Per informazioni sui servizi di supporto agli studenti con disabilità e/o DSA
visita la pagina http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa - Learning verification modality
- The exam of Pharmacology and Toxicology includes a single oral exam,
which consists in a discussion lasting about 20 minutes aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge and understanding achieved by students on the theoretical and methodological implications listed in the program. Pharmacognosy knowledge is ascertained by an oral exam (10 min) about a plant described during the year (crude drug, active principles and its use in phytotherapy). The test oral will also verify the acquisition by the student of an appropriate language and communication skills and self-organization of the exposure on the topics
in theoretical content. - Extended program
- General pharmacokinetics: passages of drugs across cell membranes;
routes of administration and absorption; bioavailability; distribution of
drugs in the body; volume of distribution, binding to plasma proteins;
drug metabolism; excretion; time-course of drug plasmatic contents
(after single or repeated administration). General pharmacodynamics:
targets and mechanisms of drug action; receptors, classification of
membrane receptors, intracellular receptors, dose-response curve;
agonists, partial agonists, antagonists; individual variations (effects of age, pathological states, drug interactions, tolerance, placebo effects).
General toxicity: side-effects, overdose, idiosyncratic and allergic
reactions; teratogenesis and foetal toxicity; carcinogenesis; drug
dependency. Clinical evaluation. Pharmacosurveillance and plant drug
monitoring.
Elements of Botany: morphology of leaves, flowers, fruits and roots. Latex and resins. Medicinal plants and crude drugs. Phytocomplex and isolated
active compounds. Phytotoxicity. Cultivation, harvesting, drying, preparation of medicinal plants. Extraction methodologies (enfleurage,
distillation and solvent extraction). Conservation of plants.