Unit CLINICAL SCIENCES

OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE

Code	50788102
CFU	2
Teacher	Lucia Prelati
Teachers	Lucia Prelati
Hours	18 ore - Lucia Prelati
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze della prevenzione e dei servizi sanitari
Sector	MED/44
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

LEGAL MEDICINE

Code	50667601
CFU	1
Teacher	Laura Paglicci Reattelli
Teachers	Laura Paglicci Reattelli
Hours	12 ore - Laura Paglicci Reattelli
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze della prevenzione e dei servizi sanitari
Sector	MED/43
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Biomedical lab tecnician activities in the judical inspection and in the forensic tossicology and medico-legal laboratories.
Reference texts	Paolo Arbarello et. al "Medicina legale per le Professioni Sanitarie: Diritto, Deontologia, Legislazione sociale" Ed. Minerva Medica, 2010, Material provided by the professor, Slides.
Educational objectives	Know the judical inspection operating methods and the forensic tossicology and medico-legal analyses.
Prerequisites	None
Teaching methods	Lessons.
Learning verification modality	Oral or written examination.
Extended program	Judical inspection, Examination of the place, Examination of the corpse, Survey of biological traces, The identification of traces, Traces of blood, Traces of semen, Forensic toxicology, Regulatory framework, Neurodepressing drugs, Opiates, Barbiturates, Ethyl alcohol, Psychostimulant, Cocaine, Hallucinogenic drugs, Preparations of cannabis sativa, Amphetamines, LSD, Ethyl alcohol intoxication, Poisoning by carbon monoxide.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Health, Education

MEDICAL ONCOLOGY

Code	50667701
CFU	1
Teacher	Giulio Metro
Teachers	Giulio Metro Sara Baglivo
Hours	12 ore - Giulio Metro 8 ore - Sara Baglivo
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze interdisciplinari cliniche
Sector	MED/06
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)

SAMPLING TECNIQUES FOR BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS

Code	A003229
CFU	1
Teacher	Fabrizio Faina
Teachers	Fabrizio Faina
Hours	12 ore - Fabrizio Faina
Learning activities	Affine/integrativa
Area	Attività formative affini o integrative
Sector	MED/45
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Principles of hand hygiene, asepsis, and biohazard prevention during blood collection procedures. Principles and techniques of venipuncture and venous blood sampling. Assessment and preparation of the patient; identification and selection of the collection site and venous access. Devices, materials, and systems used for blood collection. Correct execution of the procedure, handling of test tubes and biological samples, and identification of major sources of error in the pre-analytical phase. Prevention and management of common complications associated with venipuncture. Principles and procedures for the proper collection, storage, and transport of biological samples, with particular reference to urine, stool, and sputum. Safety of the healthcare worker and the patient; use of personal protective equipment and proper management of healthcare waste.
Reference texts	Procedure infermieristiche di Pierluigi Badon, Marta Canesi, Alessandro Monterosso, Federico Pellegatta. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Educational objectives	By the end of the course, the student will have acquired the theoretical and procedural knowledge necessary to understand and correctly apply the main techniques for venipuncture and the collection of biological samples. Specifically, the student will be able to: recognize and select appropriate devices and materials; apply principles of hygiene, asepsis, safety, and biohazard prevention; assess the patient's condition and identify the most suitable site for venipuncture; describe and perform blood sampling following the correct procedural sequence; recognize and prevent major complications and sources of error in the pre-analytical phase; correctly manage sample identification, collection, storage, and transport; describe appropriate methods for collecting key biological samples; and provide the patient with adequate information regarding preparation for and the performance of the procedures.
Prerequisites	Principi di Anatomia umana
Teaching methods	In-class lectures and practical laboratory exercises.
Learning verification modality	Oral exam with a practical demonstration.
Extended program	The program addresses the theoretical and procedural principles of venipuncture, blood sampling, and the collection of key biological specimens, with a particular focus on patient and practitioner safety and the proper management of the pre-analytical phase. Hygiene, asepsis, and safety Principles of hand hygiene and main types of hand washing. Indications for routine and antiseptic hand washing. Principles of asepsis and prevention of procedure-related infections. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE), prevention of biological hazards, and proper management and disposal of medical materials and waste, with specific reference to sharps. Venipuncture and blood sampling Definition and purpose of venous blood sampling. General principles and responsibilities associated with the procedure. Clinical settings for venous sampling. Knowledge and skills required to perform the procedure correctly. Sampling materials and devices Materials required for venipuncture. Vacuum-based blood collection systems (e.g., Vacutainer), test tubes, and venous access devices. Main types of test tubes, their characteristics, and their use based on the required laboratory tests. Patient assessment and preparation Assessment of the patient's general condition, age, and ability to cooperate. Assessment of the skin and venous access sites. Preparing the patient for the procedure and verifying the conditions necessary for the tests. Information and communication during the procedure. Selection and preparation of the venipuncture site Main anatomical sites for venous sampling. Criteria for vein selection based on vessel characteristics and patient condition. Techniques for locating the vein. Appropriate use of the tourniquet and key precautions. Venous sampling technique Patient identification and material preparation. Patient positioning, skin antisepsis, needle insertion, and sample collection. Use of the vacuum system. Handling of collection tubes during and after the procedure. Needle removal, achieving hemostasis, site dressing, and patient assessment upon completion. Disposal of used devices, sample dispatch to the laboratory, and procedure documentation. Sample handling and the pre-analytical phase Principles regarding the order of draw and proper sample mixing. Identification, storage, and transport of biological samples. Main sources of error during collection: hemolysis, inadequate tube filling, incorrect use of anticoagulants or preservatives, and sample contamination from intravenous infusions. Strategies for preventing pre-analytical errors. Patient care aspects related to venipuncture Monitoring the patient during and after the procedure and verifying hemostasis. Precautions for patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. Needle phobia and patient management during the procedure. Collection of other biological materials Principles and procedures for collecting key biological samples. Standard urinalysis and urine culture. 24-hour urine collection and acidified urine collection. Fecal occult blood testing. Collection of fecal samples for culture, parasite detection, and other diagnostic tests. General principles for sputum collection. Guidelines for proper sample storage and delivery to the laboratory.