Unit APPLIED GEOLOGY AND SLOPE STABILITY

Code	A005646
CFU	6
Teacher	Corrado Cencetti
Teachers	Corrado Cencetti Costanza Cambi (Codocenza)
Hours	32 ore - Corrado Cencetti 16 ore (Codocenza) - Costanza Cambi
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Discipline delle interazioni tra attività antropiche e sistemi naturali
Sector	GEO/05
Type of study-unit	Opzionale (Optional)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Geologic hazards and geologic risk. Types of geological risks (seismic, volcanic, and hydrogeologic). Mining and quarrying. Principles of river dynamics. Riverbed management. Risk from riverbed dynamics. Dams. The Vajont landslide. Risk from interference between slope landslides and river dynamics (landslide dams). Rock slope stability assessment (Markland test). Elements of hydrogeology. Relationships between geological setting and groundwater. Aquifer systems. Hydrogeological balance. Groundwater movement. Darcy's law. Hydrogeological parameters and their determination.
Reference texts	Materials made available form the teachers (slides form lectures, scientific papers concerninig the discussed topics, notes written by the teachers about some specific topics).
Educational objectives	The course aims to provide Students with theoretical and practical knowledge for the understanding of geological risks (in particular hydrogeological risk). The course also aims to provide the knowledge for the correct management of groundwater and the abìilty to interprete hydrogeological data on the basis of geological setting.
Prerequisites	Base knowledge of Geology from the BSc courses.
Teaching methods	Lectures and practice.
Other information	n.n.
Learning verification modality	Oral test of about 30 minutes aimed to verify that the Student properly knows the geological issues involved in civil an environment engineering.
Extended program	Applications of Geology and Applied Geology. Geological modeling. Geological hazard and geological risk. Mining activity. Classification and typology of quarries based on the working environment. Quarries and mines. Regional Extractive Activities Plans (PRAE). Classification and typology of quarries based on the type of material extracted. Canuti et al. classification. Open-pit quarries. Abatement face. Yard and its functions. Types of exploitation. Underground quarries. Identification of areas subject to extraction activity. Site deposit quality and conditioning factors. Elements useful for defining the environmental quality of the site. Preparatory work for mining activity. Excavation methods. Excavation technologies. Principles of fluvial dynamics. The stream corridor. Hydrological-hydraulic and morphological-sedimentary approaches. Morphological-sedimentary characteristics of riverbed-alluvial plain systems. Geomorphological stability and equilibrium. Aggradation and trenching. Time scales. Energy of a stream. Stream power and critical power. Bull's diagram. Lane's equation. Stream classifications: Miall, Schumm, Montgomery and Buffington, Rosgen. The Bankull stage. Flood prone area and trenching ratio. Methodological framework for the analysis of riverbed-plain systems. Riverbed management. Structural and non-structural interventions. Riverbed regulation. Riverbed modification or consolidation. Works to control sediment transport. Non-structural interventions (notes). Riverbed dynamics risk. Planimetric and altimetric mobility of riverbeds. Geological-hydraulic risk factors. Residual risk. Forecasting and prevention. Mapping of flood-prone areas and their intended uses (PAI). Riverbed dynamics risk in Italy. Current evolutionary trends. Causes of erosion processes. Schumm's Channel Evolution Model (CEM). Possible solutions. Dams. Aims of the project. Construction methods. Selection of the location for a retention dam. Impermeability of the reservoir. Causes of leaks. Stability of the banks and slopes above the reservoir and the barrier. Silting of the reservoir. Stability of the dam foundation substrate. Impermeability of the threshold on which the dam is to be located. Procurement of construction aggregates. Studies and investigations conducted for the construction of a dam. Environmental impact assessment (notes). The Vajont landslide. Riverbed occlusions caused by landslides. Study scales. Scenarios resulting from the interaction between riverbed dynamics and slope gravitational phenomena. Risk conditions. Characterization of landslide dams. Hazard and risk assessment. Classifications of landslide dams. Limitations of classifications. Effects resulting from the occurrence and evolution of the phenomenon. Case studies (Valderchia, San Benedetto Val di Sambro). Natural dam failure modes. Similarities and differences with earth dams. Dam overflow and breach shape. Seepage and siphoning. Subsequent landslides. Formation of anomalous flood waves following the evolution of the phenomenon (dam collapse). Mathematical models and input data. Rock slope stability assessment (Markland test). Stereographic projections. Representation of structural data (lines and planes). Failure hypotheses. Kinematic and dynamic assessments. Friction cone. The Bieniawski RMR index and its determination. Determination of the internal friction angle based on the RMR index. The Markland test. Application examples.. Introduction to hydrogeology: aquifers and aquicludes. Aquifer types (unconfined and confined). Relationships among geo-structural framework and groundwater bodies; hydrogeological maps. Hydrogeological basins, constant head and no flow boundaries. Groundwater budget. Springs and alluvial aquifers. The movement of groundwater: Darcy's law. Hydrogeological parameters (hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, storativity) and their physical meaning. Estimation of hydrogeological parameters using pumping tests in a steady and unsteady state. Aquifers characterization from springs hydrographs: recession curves, Maillet equation.

Code	A005647
CFU	6
Teacher	Manuela Cecconi
Teachers	Manuela Cecconi
Hours	48 ore - Manuela Cecconi
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Discipline dell'ingegneria per l'ambiente e territorio
Sector	ICAR/07
Type of study-unit	Opzionale (Optional)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Some basic concepts of geotechnics, soil stiffness and shear strength. Landslides and mass movements: types, kinematisms, causes and methods of analysis. Rock slopes. Stability analyses with numerical codes. Stability analyses of rock slopes. Safety verifications. Stabilisation counter-measures.
Reference texts	Lectures notes; Italian Technical Codes 2018; Rischio frane in Italia: linee guida di AGI-ISPRA; Published papers from the literature.
Educational objectives	The purpouse of the course is to introduce the Student to the basic concepts underlying the assessment of slope stability conditions in soils and rocks, and the criteria, methodologies and techniques of possible stabilisation and reinforcement countermeasures.
Prerequisites	Students must have an in-depth knowledge of the basic principles of soil and rock mechanics, which are covered in the basic courses of the Bachelor of Civil Engineering and the specialised courses in geotechnics, taught in the 1st year of the Master's degree course.
Teaching methods	Face to face lectures and numerical examples of application. Adoption of numerical codes. Practice exercises and field trips.
Other information	Attending the lessons is optional but strongly advised. For additional information, please check the website of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, at the following link: http://www.ing1.unipg.it/didattica/studiare
Learning verification modality	Oral exam. The exam will take not more than 45 min. The exam is aimed at verifying the level of knowledge and the capacity of the Student to discuss critically the issues/topic delt with in the course.
Extended program	Introduction to the topic: some basic geotechnical concepts, shear stiffness and strength of soils. Failure conditions, peak-post-peak, residual. Choice of shear strength parameters. Drained and undrained conditions. Landslides/mass movements in soil slopes: types, kinematics, main causes and methods of analysis. Infinite slope methods and other equilibrium methods of analysis. Rock slopes. Observations and comparisons. Numerical slope stability analyses with geotechnical software. Construction of calculation model; input of geotechnical parameters; numerical examples in class with reference to different geometries and scenarios; interpretation of results; comparison of results obtained from different calculation methods. Stability analysis of rock slopes; Safety verifications. Stabilisation counter-measures.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	This course contributes to the fulfillment of the objectives of the UN Agenda 2030 for sustainable development.