Unit GEOMORPHOLOGY AND APPLIED GEOLOGY

APPLIED GEOLOGY

Code	55003309
CFU	6
Teacher	Corrado Cencetti
Teachers	Corrado Cencetti
Hours	47 ore - Corrado Cencetti
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Discipline geomorfologiche e geologico-applicative
Sector	GEO/05
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Rocks and engineering soils. Index properties. Mechanical properties of soils. Landslides (monitoring and mapping). Remediation of instability. Mining and Quarries. Principles of fluvial dynamics. Management of riverbeds, Risk fron riverbed dynamics. Dams. Vajont landslide.
Reference texts	Scesi L., Papini M. & Gattinoni P. (2003) - Geologia Applicata - Applicazione ai progetti di Ingegneria Civile. Vol. 2. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana. Pipkin B.W., Trent D.D. & Hazlett R. (2007) - Geologia ambientale. Edizione italiana a cura di Rinaldo Genevois. Piccin Editore, Padova. Canuti P., Crescenti U. & Francani V. (2008) - Geologia applicata all'ambiente. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano. Copies of the slides illustrated in class by the teacher.
Educational objectives	Understand the technical role of the Applied Geologist in the design of engineering works, through the analysis of the mechanical behavior of soils and rocks. Understand the monitoring and cartographic representation techniques of landslides, useful for defining suitable interventions for their safety. Acquisition of specific skills that constitute the essential knowledge base of the professional geologist, also considering that this course is distinctly professionalizing. The three-year degree in Earth and Environmental Sciences allows registration in the Register of the Professional Order of Geologists (Section B = Junior Geologist).
Prerequisites	Even if no mandatory preparatory information is indicated, basic knowledge of general geology and geomorphology is essential in order to understand the contents covered. It is therefore advisable to pass the Geomorphology module before the Applied Geology module.
Teaching methods	Lessons and practice.
Other information	None
Learning verification modality	Single oral test, which consists of an interview aimed at verifying the student's preparation regarding the topics covered during the course and the acquisition of specific skills that constitute the essential knowledge base of the professional geologist. This is also in consideration that this course is distinctly professionalising. The three-year degree in Geology allows, in fact, registration in the Register of the Professional Order of Geologists (Section B = Junior Geologist). For information on support services for students with disabilities and/or DSA visit the page: http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Extended program	Applications of Geology and Applied Geology. Geological modeling. Geological hazard and geological risk. Indices of soil properties. Rocks, rock masses, and soils. Distribution of solid, liquid, and gaseous phases in rocks and their interactions. The solid phase. Identification tests for soils. Grain size analysis and data representation. Classification of loose rocks. Casagrande decantation method. The liquid phase in loose rocks. Adsorption or hygroscopic water. Adhesion or film water. Retention water. Capillary water. Gravitational or groundwater. Relationships between phases: indices. Volumes. Degree of saturation. Water content. Specific gravity of solids. Void ratio. Porosity. Relative density. Volume weight. Dry density. Immersed volume weight. Atterberg limits and their determination. Plasticity index. Consistency index. Activity. Conventional classifications of loose rocks. Casagrande plasticity map. Mechanical properties of loose rocks. Deformation of loose rocks. Shear strength. Angle of internal friction. Cohesion. Coulomb's equation. Effective pressure principle (Terzaghi). Soil liquefaction. Measurement of shear strength. Seepage pressure. Siphoning. Landslides. Monitoring of landslide movements. Piezometers. Inclinometers. Extensometers. Remote sensing. General criteria for assessing slope instability. Thematic cartography. Landslides in Umbria. Remediation of landslides. Preventive and post-operative remedies. Morphological and hydrological management of landslide slopes. Special works. Quarries and mines. Classification and typology of quarries based on the working environment. Regional Extractive Activities Plans (PRAE). Classification and typology of quarries based on the type of material extracted. Canuti et al.'s classification. Open-cast quarries. Abatement face. Yard and its functions. Types of exploitation. Underground quarries. Identification of areas subject to extraction. Site deposit quality. Elements useful for defining the site's environmental quality. Preparatory work for extraction. Excavation methods. Excavation technologies. Per capita quarry production, per worker, and per inhabitant, in the Italian regions. Principles of fluvial dynamics. The stream corridor. The hydrological-hydraulic approach and the morphological-sedimentary approach. Morphological-sedimentary characteristics of riverbed-floodplain systems. Geomorphological stability and equilibrium. Sediment motion and sediment transport. Aggradation and entrenchment. Time scales. Stream energy. Stream power and critical power. Bull diagram. Lane equation. Stream classifications: Miall, Schumm, Montgomery and Buffington, Rosgen. The Bankull stage. Flood prone area and entrenchment ratio. Methodological framework for the analysis of riverbed-plain systems. Riverbed management. Works and activities that interfere with riverbed dynamics. Structural and non-structural interventions. Structural works and interventions (on the hydrographic network). Riverbed regulation works. Works to modify or consolidate the riverbed. Works to control sediment transport. Non-structural interventions (notes). Riverbed dynamics risk. Planimetric and altimetric mobility of riverbeds. Geological-hydraulic risk factors. Residual risk. Forecasting and prevention. Mapping of flood-prone areas and their intended uses (PAI). Riverbed dynamics risk in Italy. Torrential streams. Permanent streams. Causes of erosion processes. Schumm's Channel Evolution Model (CEM). Possible solutions. Dams. Construction methods. Choosing the location of a retention dam. Impermeability of the reservoir. Stability of the banks and slopes above the reservoir and the dam. Filling of the reservoir. Stability of the dam foundation substrate. Impermeability of the threshold on which the dam is to be located. Procurement of construction aggregates. Studies and investigations conducted for the construction of a dam. Environmental impact assessment (notes). The Vajont landslide. Screening of the film "Vajont, 9 October 1963 - Civil Oration" by Marco Paolini and Gabriele Vacis. Discussion. The Vajont trial.

GEOMORPHOLOGY

Code	55018609
CFU	6
Teacher	Laura Melelli
Teachers	Laura Melelli
Hours	52 ore - Laura Melelli
Learning activities	Base
Area	Formazione geologica di base
Sector	GEO/04
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	1. Principles and methods of geomorphology 2. Structural geomorphology 3. Morphotectonics 4. Hints of volcanic geomorphology 5. Slope geomorphology 6. Fluvial geomorphology 7. Glacial and periglacial geomorphology 8. Coastal geomorphology 9. Hints of aeolian geomorphology 10. Hints of karst geomorphology 11. Hints of anthropogenic geomorphology 12. Hints of geomorphological cartography 13. An overview on geomorphological heritage
Reference texts	Ciccacci S. (2019) "Le forme del rilievo. Atlante illustrato di geomorfologia". Mondadori università Ed, pp. 528. ISBN-13: 978-8861847347 Dramis F., Ollier C. (2016) " Genesi ed evoluzione del rilievo terrestre. Fondamenti di Geomorfologia". Pitagora Ed. Bologna. ISBN: 88-371-1620-9.
Educational objectives	The content of the course is fundamental to the completion of a degree in Geology. The comprehensive nature of the course enables students to gain the skills required to interpret any aspect of the physical and anthropogenic landscape, including endogenous and exogenous dynamics. The main knowledge acquired is as follows: 1) The ability to recognise morphotypes linked to structural factors and the main morphogenetic processes (gravitational, fluvial and surface runoff, karstic, glacial, periglacial, marine, wind, volcanic), 2) The ability to distinguish the degree of activity of forms, 3) The ability to interpret the evolution of the physical landscape at different spatial and temporal scales, 4) Knowledge of the main mathematical laws governing morphological systems at equilibrium and the interpretation of variations due to external variables. The fundamental skills, which are the ability to apply the knowledge acquired, will be as follows: 1) The capacity to conduct a fundamental geomorphological survey and generate derived thematic mapping. 2) The ability to identify morphogenetic processes and morphotypes as a natural resource. 3) The capacity to identify morphogenetic processes and morphotypes related to natural hazards. 4) The capacity to interpret topographic maps from a geological-geomorphological perspective. In particular, this skill is applicable to all those disciplines of the Earth Sciences whose activities include field surveying. Translation by DeepL.com (free version).
Prerequisites	In order to comprehend and utilise the majority of the information and techniques elucidated in the teaching, it is recommended that the candidate has successfully completed the first-year examination in Physical Geography and GIS. It is of great importance to have acquired a solid understanding of the fundamental principles of rock recognition and classification, as well as the concepts of physical and chemical weathering.
Teaching methods	The course is structured as follows: - Classroom lectures on all course topics; - Reading of topographic cartography in the classroom and/or in the field from a geomorphological perspective. Within the limits of the excursion funds provided by the Department, field exercises may be planned.
Other information	No other information
Learning verification modality	The exam includes an oral test. The oral exam is a discussion lasting approximately 20 minutes, which is designed to ascertain the student's level of knowledge and comprehension of the theoretical and methodological contents indicated in the syllabus. During the oral exam, students may be asked to respond to questions based on images, extracts from topographical or thematic maps. Furthermore, the oral exam will permit the assessment of the student's communication skills, with particular attention to language proficiency and the ability to organize and present information independently on the same topics. For further information on support services for students with disabilities and/or DSA, please refer to the following website: http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Extended program	1. Principles and methods of geomorphology Fundamental concepts in geomorphology. Landforms: classification, morphometric, morphodynamic, morphochronological. Man as morphogenetic agent and passive subject of morphogenesis. Overview of absolute dating methods for landforms. The actions of erosion, transport and sedimentation used as a principle for the classification of landforms. The description of landforms along cross and longitudinal sections and in plan. 2. Structural geomorphology Slopes as basic element of the landscape. How slopes are shaped. How slopes evolve. Structural forms on stratified rocks. Tabular structures. Monoclinal structures. Folded structures. Fault-related structural shapes. How hydrographic patterns are affected by structural control. 3. Morphotectonics Wide-ranging regional uplifts. How folds and faults affect the landscape. 4. Outlines of volcanic geomorphology Volcanic reliefs. 5. Slope geomorphology Genesis and evolution. Strain and stress. Rheology of geological materials. Slow gravitational movements of surface deposits. Landslides. Classification of landslides. Falls. Topple. Slides: translational and rotational. Flows. Lateral spreads. Large landslides. State of landslide activity. Deep Gravitative Slope Deformations. The concepts of susceptibility, hazard, vulnerability, and risk. The PAI (Hydrogeological Structure Plan). The IFFI Project (Inventory of Italian Landslide Phenomena). 6. Fluvial geomorphology The river drainage basin. Areal runoff on slopes. Watercourses. Fluvial morphology. Types of river erosion. Sediment transport, the Hjulström curve. River beds: straight, sinuous, meandering, braided channels, anastomosed channels. Riverbeds change with the seasons. The shape of watercourses. The normalised longitudinal profile. Transverse profiles. Floodplains. River catches. The evolution of river valleys. The influence of tectonics, climate and human intervention. River terraces. 7. Glacial and periglacial geomorphology Glacier types. Glacier formation. Glacier dynamics. The mass balance. The heat balance and temperature of glaciers. Rheology of ice. The movement of glaciers. Glacier surface deformations. The morphogenetic action of glaciers. Erosion forms, indicators of movement and transport, sedimentation landforms (moraines). Fluvioglacial and proglacial deposits and forms. Pleistocene glaciations. 8. Coastal geomorphology Sea level variations. Sea movements. Tides. Sea currents. Wave motion. Waves, mechanisms of refraction, diffraction, reflection. Currents near the coast. Tidal currents. Suction currents. Coastal drift. The tsunami. Coastal morphology. The classification of coasts. The rectification of coasts. Marine terraces. Beaches. 9. Notes on aeolian geomorphology The aeolian process and the actions of erosion, transport and sedimentation. Forms of erosion. Forms of sedimentation: dunes and their classification. Anthropogenic actions to limit desertification. 10. Outlines of karstic geomorphology Dissolution and precipitation. Classification of forms on a morphometric basis. Epigean forms. Hints at hypogean forms. 11. Anthropogenic geomorphology Anthropogenically modified natural forms. Anthropogenic forms. Urban geomorphology. 12. Notes on geomorphological cartography Geomorphological cartography. The CARG project for the realization of the Geomorphological Map of Italy at a scale of 1:50,000. 13. Overview of geomorphological heritage The geoheritage, geodiversity and geotourism. The ProGEO project.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	11, 15