Unit Morphological Bio Sciences

Human anatomy

Code	A001501
CFU	2
Teacher	Francesca Riuzzi
Teachers	Francesca Riuzzi
Hours	24 ore - Francesca Riuzzi
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Sector	BIOS-12/A
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	General information about gross anatomy of muscular-skeletal system, cardiovascular system, respiratory apparatus, alimentary apparatus, urinary apparatus, endocrine system and nervous system. Microscopic anatomy of respiratory apparatus, alimentary apparatus, urinary apparatus and principal endocrine glands.
Reference texts	1) Anatomia dell'Uomo, AA.VV., EdiErmes (vol. unico); 2) Atlante di Anatomia Prometheus, EdiSES (facoltativo; volume unico): 3) Anatomia Umana, Martini et al., Edises. There are courses, materials and/or assessment methods consistent with the needs of students with disabilities and / or SLD.
Educational objectives	At the end of the course students will acquire the ability to: 1) describe shape and position of the human organs with appropriate terms; 2) Correlate the microscopic structures of human organs with their functions; 3) Acquire a scientific and technical language useful to appropriately communicate with patients, colleagues and other health care professionals.
Prerequisites	Knowledges of Biology, Chemistry and Physics at the level of secondary school.
Teaching methods	Face-to-face theoretical lessons with the Powerpoint slides. Use of plastic models related to the topics developed at lessons. Practical laboratories of macro and micro anatomy. The education material presented during the lessons (with the exclusion of illustrations protected by copyright) will be made available to the student in electronic format (pdf files). There are courses, materials and/or assessment methods consistent with the needs of students with disabilities and / or SLD.
Other information	Frequenza: Compulsory. Contacting by email at francesca.riuzzi@unipg.it Sede: Dept. Experimental Medicine University of Perugia Building D, 1th Floor Piazzale Gambuli, 1 06132 Perugia-Italy
Learning verification modality	The level of learning achieved will be assessed in an examination comprising a written exam with multiple choice questions (seven questions for each matter) and oral exam consisting in an interview of about 15 minutes aiming to ascertain the knowledge level on theoretical contents as indicated on the program of the different matters. The oral exam will also test the student communication skills and the organization and exposure of the theoretical topics. There are courses, materials and/or assessment methods consistent with the needs of students with disabilities and / or SLD.
Extended program	General organization: Anatomical apparatuses and systems. Anatomical terminology. General information about skeletal and muscular systems. Cardiovascular system: heart and major vessels. Respiratory apparatus: trachea, bronchi, lungs. Microscopic anatomy. Alimentary apparatus: esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas. Microscopic anatomy. Urinary apparatus: kidney and urinary tract. Microscopic anatomy. General information about reproductive system: male and female genital organs. General information about principal glands. General information about central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system. General information about spinal cord; brainstem; cerebellum; diencephalon; cerebrum, sensory and motor systems, cranial and spinal nerves.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	3,4,5

Biology and genetic bases

Code	A001502
CFU	2
Teacher	Rita Romani
Teachers	Rita Romani
Hours	24 ore - Rita Romani
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Sector	BIOS-10/A
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Biological and chemical basis of life and molecular organization. Structure and function of the plasma membrane. Cell wall and extracellular matrix: structure, function and interaction of cells with the extracellular environment and cells between them. Cell communication: cell signaling and signal transduction. Cytoplasmic membrane systems: structure, function, and membrane trafficking. The mitochondria and cellular respiration. Cancer. General genetics.Tumor cells: development and progression mechanisms of tumors
Reference texts	Biologia e Genetica EDISES autori De Leo, Ginellli, Fasano - L'essenziale di biologia molecolare della cellulaAlberts B., Johnson A.,Lewis J., et al. Zanichelli -"Elementi di Biologia e Genetica"WK Purves, D Sadava, GH Orians, HC Heller . Zanichelli - Fondamenti di Biologia Solomon; Martin; Martin; Berg casa editrice EdiSES
Educational objectives	Objective of the course is the integrated study of the cell and of living organisms, with particular regard to the mechanisms involved in the biogenesis of organelles and cellular structures, interactions between cells and between cells and the extracellular environment, synthesis and transmission of genetic information, gene expression mechanisms, cell proliferation, bases of genetics.
Prerequisites	To achieve the training objectives, the student requires a minimum knowledge of Chemistry
Teaching methods	Face-to-face theoretical lessons with the use of powerpoint slides
Other information	For information on support services for students with disabilities and / or DSA visit the page http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Learning verification modality	The examination is a written test, aimed at ascertaining the student's achieved understanding of the theoretical and methodological content of the program For information on support services for students with disabilities and/or DSA, visit http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Extended program	The biological organization. Characteristics of living organisms. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Virus. The chemical basis of life. Biological macromolecules: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates. The cell membrane: structure and function with particular reference to transport mechanisms and cellular communication. The various types of receptors and signal transduction pathways. The nucleus and nucleolus: structure and function. Organization of chromatin, chromosomes. Characteristics of the eukaryotic gene. Gene expression: transcription and its regulation. Editing of primary transcripts. Gene expression: Characteristics of the genetic code and its operation. Translation and its control. Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and peroxisomes. Vesicle trafficking and sorting of proteins. The mitochondria and cellular respiration. Cell cycle and its control. Interphase, DNA replication, mitosis. Mutations. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor. Reproduction of multicellular organisms: Meiosis and gametogenesis. Definitions and meaning of a gene locus, allele, haploid, diploid genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant and recessive. Mendel's laws and their interpretation. Extensions to Mendelian analysis. Inheritance: generality and mode of transmission. Normal and pathological human karyotypeTumor cells: development and progression mechanisms of tumors; crucial genes for cancer (oncogenes and oncosuppressor genes, retroviral genes, Ras, Rb, p53).
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	health and wellness

Histology

Code	A001500
CFU	2
Teacher	Francesca Mancuso
Teachers	Francesca Mancuso
Hours	24 ore - Francesca Mancuso
Learning activities	Base
Area	Scienze biomediche
Sector	BIOS-13/A
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Epithelia. Exocrine and endocrine glands. Connective tissue. Extracellular matrix. Connective cells. Adipose tissue and its regulation. Cartilaginous tissue. Bone tissue. Mechanisms of ossification. Blood. Plasma. Hemopoiesis. Smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue. Nervous tissue. Nerve fiber and nerve. Interneuronal and neuromuscular synapses.
Reference texts	Istologia per le lauree triennali e magistrali di Sica - Di Primio - Armato - Bani - Baroni - AAVV • 2018. Courses, materials and/or assessment methodologies consistent with the needs of students with disabilities and/or specific learning disorders (SLD).
Educational objectives	Knowledge and understanding of the structure of tissues and organs, and of the relationship between structure and function, in order to comprehend physiopathological mechanisms. The understanding of these mechanisms is of fundamental importance for healthcare professionals, as their alterations underlie pathological conditions that are the subject of diagnostic investigations.
Prerequisites	In order to understand and be able to cope with the course, the student must possess the general knowledge regarding the structure of the eukaryotic cell and the function of its organelles. This basic knowledge is that acquired in the course of high school studies, in the training course organized by the University of Perugia, and necessary for the student to pass the test for access to the courses for the health professions with programmed number.
Teaching methods	The course is organized through classroom lectures supported by PowerPoint presentations illustrating all the topics included in the syllabus. The lectures are interactive in nature. Learning pathways, materials, and/or assessment methods consistent with the needs of students with disabilities and/or specific learning disorders (SLD) are provided.
Other information	Attendance: compulsory, at least 70 percent of classes. Location: Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, piazzale L. Severi, 06132 Perugia. For information, elucidation and to set up a schedule for meeting, please contact via e-mail: francesca.mancuso@unipg.it
Learning verification modality	The examination for the course “Biomorphological Sciences” consists of a written test and an oral examination. The written test serves exclusively as a prerequisite for admission to the oral examination. The written test, lasting 30 minutes, consists of 7 multiple-choice questions for each teaching module, with four possible answers and only one correct option. Students are admitted to the oral examination only if they answer at least 4 questions correctly in each teaching module. Students who do not meet this minimum requirement will not be allowed to take the oral examination and must repeat the entire examination. The oral examination must be taken during the same examination session as the written test, before the examination board, and covers all the topics included in the course programmes. The final grade, expressed on a scale of thirty, is determined collectively by the examination board on the basis of both parts of the examination. The assessment as a whole is designed to evaluate students’ knowledge and understanding, their ability to apply the acquired competencies, and their ability to communicate effectively in written form. Learning pathways, materials, and/or assessment methods consistent with the needs of students with disabilities and/or specific learning disorders (SLD) are provided.
Extended program	General characteristics, functions, and classification of lining epithelia. Structural organization, functions, and classification of exocrine and endocrine secretory epithelia. Morphological and functional characteristics of the different types of connective tissues. Morphological, structural, and functional features of connective tissue proper and adipose tissue. Structural organization, functions, and distribution of cartilaginous tissue (hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage) and the perichondrium. Macroscopic and microscopic structural organization of compact and spongy bone tissue. Bone remodeling and ossification. Blood: plasma and formed elements. Hematopoiesis and the morphology of myeloid and lymphoid tissues. Morphology and structure of skeletal muscle fibers and organization of skeletal muscles. Morphology, structure, functions, and distribution of smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells. Basic concepts of muscle contraction. Structure of neurons and their distribution in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Morphology of the nerve, structure and function of the synapse. Basic concepts of nerve impulse conduction. Morphology and functional significance of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	Zero poverty, health and welfare, gender equality.

Methods and techniques of histology and citology

Code	A001503
CFU	2
Teacher	Giulia Falabella
Teachers	Giulia Falabella
Hours	20 ore - Giulia Falabella
Learning activities	Caratterizzante
Area	Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico
Sector	MEDS-26/B
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Basic techniques and main methods for preparing and staining histological and cytological preparations.
Reference texts	"Anatomia patologica e citopatologia per TLB" by Ambrogio Fassina and Rocco Cappellesso; "Anatomia Patologica Le basi" by Luigi Ruco and Aldo Scarpa.
Educational objectives	Through a combination of theoretical and practical lessons, students will acquire knowledge and skills in the main areas of normal histology and pathological anatomy and histology. Students will: - understand the different types of microscopes, - be able to independently prepare a histological and cytological specimen.
Teaching methods	The course, with a strong practical focus, is organized so that each lesson is divided into two parts: - A first part of theory; - A second part in which the topics covered in the theoretical part are demonstrated through practical exercises. This organization covers all the topics covered in the program.
Learning verification modality	Written and oral exam
Extended program	Basic Histological Techniques Techniques for Preparing Histological Preparations for Sectioning Paraffin-Embedded Specimens Preparation of a Fixative and General Concepts on Its Function Buffer Solutions Used in Histology The Removal and Fixation of an Organ Fragment The Techniques of Dehydration, Clearing, Infiltration, and Paraffin Embedding The Various Tools for Preparing a Histological Section in Paraffin The Technique for Staining and Mounting Sections for Observation under a White Light Microscope The Removal and Freezing of Tissues for the Cryostat Advantages and Disadvantages of the Paraffin Embedding Technique Compared to Freezing The Cryostat and Its Use Basic Concepts on the Following Histological and Histochemical Stains: Hematoxylin-Eosin, Azan-Mallory, May-Griinwald Giemsa, Weigert Van Gieson, Alcian Blue, PAS, Silver Impregnation for Fibers Reticular, Von Kossa Basics of Electron Microscopy Notes on the operating principles and use of the following microscopes: Standard Light Microscope, Inverted Light Microscope, Stereo Light Microscope, Fluorescence Light Microscope, Confocal Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope.