Unit FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Code	A004612
CFU	4
Teacher	Elisa Boccalon
Teachers	Giulia Quaglia (Codocenza)
Hours	28 ore (Codocenza) - Giulia Quaglia
Learning activities	Base
Area	Formazione chimica e fisica di base
Sector	CHEM-02/A
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	This course will cover the principles of thermodynamics applied to gas systems and solutions; the basic principles that govern the properties and behavior of matter through a macroscopic/phenomenological approach.
Reference texts	- P.W. Atkins, Elementi di Chimica Fisica, Zanichelli, Bologna. - W.M. Gelbart, A. Ben-Shaul, D. Roux, Micelles, membranes, microemulsions and monolayers. Springer, 1994.
Educational objectives	The course provides the fundamental principles governing the properties and behavior of matter through a macroscopic/ phenomenological approach but also microscopic. Students will be able to read and interpret phase diagrams of systems of different nature and will understand the chemical - physical properties of gas systems or solutions.
Prerequisites	Basic knowledge of mathematics and experimental science, as provided by secondary schools. Topics of particular relevance for the study of Physical Chemistry will be taken up and integrated during the course.
Teaching methods	Lectures that consist in the reasoned exposition of the contents of the program, supported by multimedia teaching material. Any PowerPoint presentations and PDF copies of digital whiteboards used in class will be provided to support teaching.
Other information	The teacher makes available to students in the UNISTUDIUM platform useful materials for study.
Learning verification modality	The CFU corresponding are acquired by the student with the passing of the final exam. The student have a three-hour written test, which simultaneously involves the verification of understanding of the subjects of the Fundamentals of Chemistry and Supplementary Teaching course. The test is to be considered passed only in case you have obtained the necessary qualification (18-thirtieth) in all modules of the course of Fundamentals of Chemistry. The valuation shall be expressed in trenties and the final grade is given by the average of the three modules. Knowledge, understanding of concepts, mastery and language property will be tested. Students with disabilities and/or DSA are invited/ and to visit the page dedicated to the tools and measures planned and to agree in advance as necessary with the teacher(https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa).
Extended program	- States and properties of matter; ideal and real gases; ideal and real solutions. - The different forms of energy: work, thermal energy - Thermodynamics: internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy. Thermodynamics principles applied to gas and solutions. - Thermochemistry: calorimetry, thermal capacitance, thermal reactors. - Phase equilibria, Phase diagrams of pure substances and binary systems - Collegative properties - Physical properties of molecular interactions. - Physical chemistry characterization of polymers, micellar systems and emulsions.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	4

FUNDAMENTALS OF GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Code	A004610
CFU	4
Teacher	Elisa Boccalon
Teachers	Elisa Boccalon
Hours	28 ore - Elisa Boccalon
Learning activities	Base
Area	Formazione chimica e fisica di base
Sector	CHEM-03/A
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Introduzione alla chimica generale. Teoria atomica e struttura elettronica degli atomi. Geometrie molecolari. Legame chimico. Forze intermolecolari. Reazioni chimiche. Stati di aggregazione della materia. Equilibrio chimico. Equilibrio in soluzione acquosa
Educational objectives	Il corso mira a fornire i concetti di base della chimica generale e la capacità di applicare tali conoscenze alla soluzione di problemi numerici e pratici. In particolare, gli studenti saranno in grado di: - individuare e saper scrivere le formule di composti inorganici; - rappresentare molecole o ioni molecolari inorganici mettendo in evidenza l’orientazione degli atomi e i legami che intercorrono tra di essi; - prevedere la polarità e lo stato fisico delle molecole; - prevedere la reattività di composti inorganici sia in reazioni di ossidoriduzione e che di non ossidoriduzione; - scrivere e descrivere gli aspetti qualitativi e quantitativi di una reazione chimica anche in relazione all’equilibrio chimico omogeneo ed eterogeneo utilizzando i concetti di mole, concentrazione, pH, solubilità.
Prerequisites	Conoscenze di base di matematica, fondamenti di chimica e scienze sperimentali, come fornite dalle scuole secondarie di secondo grado
Teaching methods	Il corso è organizzato tramite lezioni frontali in aula e lo svolgimento di esercizi con particolare riferimento ad esempi utili per affrontare la prova d’esame. Le lezioni verranno svolte mediante mediante la proiezione di slides. Il materiale didattico (slides, esercizi proposti durante le esercitazioni numeriche) saranno resi disponibili agli studenti sulla piattaforma Unistudium previa registrazione
Learning verification modality	La valutazione dell'effettiva acquisizione da parte degli studenti dei risultati di apprendimento attesi verrà effettuata tramite una prova scritta della durata di tre ore che prevede la verifica della comprensione degli argomenti trattati in tutti e tre i moduli del corso di Fondamenti di Chimica. La prova totale è da intendersi superata solo nel caso in cui si raggiunga la sufficienza in tutti i moduli del corso di Fondamenti di Chimica. La valutazione è espressa in trentesimi. Per informazioni sui servizi di supporto agli studenti con disabilità e/o DSA visita la pagina http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Extended program	Generalità ed elementi di stechiometria. Costituzione dell’atomo, numero atomico, numero di massa, isotopi, elementi. Massa atomica. Costante di Avogadro e concetto di mole. Formula chimica (minima e molecolare), peso molecolare (formula). Stechiometria delle miscele. Reazioni chimiche, equazione chimica, bilanciamento di una reazione chimica, reagente limitante. Fondamenti di teoria atomica e cenni delle teorie quantistiche. Orbitali atomici, numeri quantici, spin. Orbitali negli atomi polielettronici e ordine di riempimento. Configurazioni elettroniche degli elementi, principio dell’Aufbau, principio di esclusione di Pauli. Proprietà periodiche degli elementi. Energia di ionizzazione, affinità elettronica, raggi atomici e raggi ionici. Legami chimici e struttura molecolare. Molecole poliatomiche: strutture di Lewis e geometria molecolare. Ibridazione. Cariche formali. Elettronegatività. Polarità dei legami. Formule di struttura delle più comuni molecole e dei più comuni ioni molecolari. Nomenclatura chimica. Numero di ossidazione. Nomenclatura. Ossidi basici, idrossidi, ossidi acidi, acidi, sali. Reazioni di ossido-riduzione: bilanciamento delle reazioni chimiche col metodo ionico-elettronico. Legami intermolecolari. Lo stato gassoso. Modello dei gas perfetti (ideali), leggi dei gas perfetti (ideali), legge di Avogadro, equazione di stato di gas perfetti (ideali). Miscele gassose: pressioni e volumi parziali. Lo stato solido e lo stato liquido. Classificazione dei solidi: solidi ionici, solidi covalenti, solidi molecolari, solidi metallici. Proprietà dei liquidi. Cenni sulla viscosità e sulla tensione superficiale. La tensione di vapore. L’equilibrio e sue caratteristiche. Equilibrio liquido-vapore, solido-liquido, solido-vapore. Diagrammi di stato Le soluzioni. Definizioni, solubilità ed effetto della temperatura sulla solubilità. Concentrazione (% in massa, molalità, frazione molare, molarità, normalità). Conversione di unità. Equilibrio chimico. Caratteristiche dell’equilibrio, Equilibri omogenei ed eterogenei. Legge di azione di massa e Costante di equilibrio. Effetti della temperatura, pressione e concentrazione sugli equilibri chimici. Dissociazione gassosa: grado di dissociazione e binomio di Van’t Hoff. Equilibri ionici in soluzione acquosa: fattori che influenzano la solubilità dei sali, sali poco solubili, prodotto di solubilità. Precipitazione selettiva. Cenni di Elettrochimica.

FUNDAMENTALS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Code	A004611
CFU	4
Teacher	Filippo Campana
Teachers	Filippo Campana Laura Goracci
Hours	28 ore - Filippo Campana 5 ore - Laura Goracci
Learning activities	Base
Area	Formazione chimica e fisica di base
Sector	CHEM-05/A
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	ITALIAN
Contents	Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Study of the structure, properties, and reactivity of carbon compounds.
Reference texts	Elementi di Chimica Organica - P.Y. Bruice - Edises Chimica Organica- J. McMurry - Piccin Chimica Organica- W. H. Brown, B. L. Iverson, E. V. Anslyn, C. S. Foote - Edises Guida alla soluzione dei problemi da Chimica Organica di Brown, Iverson, Anslyn, Foote - Edises
Educational objectives	The main objectives of the course are to provide the fundamentals of organic chemistry, in order to equip students with the necessary tools to understand the logic underlying organic chemistry, the rules and properties that determine the behavior of matter, and the interactions that govern biological structures. The course aims to impart the following knowledge: - atomic structure, chemical bonding, and related theories; - carbon hybridization; - molecular structure and its influence on physical properties; - intermolecular interactions; - chemistry of functional groups (IUPAC nomenclature, chemical-physical characteristics, reactivity); - elements of stereochemistry; - introduction to the main techniques for characterizing an organic compound. The skills that students will be able to master by the end of the course are: - identifying a chemical structure from its name and vice versa; - understanding and predicting the reactivity of an organic compound; - designing a multistep synthesis of simple organic compounds.
Prerequisites	Basic knowledge of mathematics, fundamentals of chemistry and experimental sciences, as provided by high schools
Teaching methods	Lectures on all topics. Classroom exercises.
Other information	-
Learning verification modality	The ECTS credits associated with the course are awarded to students upon passing the final exam. The exam consists of a written test aimed at assessing the ability to correctly apply the knowledge acquired, as well as the understanding of the topics covered during lectures and laboratory activities. The exam consists of a three-hour written test designed to simultaneously assess comprehension of the topics covered in all three modules that make up the course “Fundamentals of Chemistry” (including supplementary teaching activities and laboratory work). The exam is considered passed only if a minimum passing grade (18/30) is achieved in all three modules. The final grade, expressed on a scale of 30 and calculated as the average of the marks obtained in each module, will assess knowledge, understanding of concepts, mastery of the subject, and appropriate use of scientific language. Students with disabilities and/or specific learning disorders (SLD) are invited to consult the dedicated webpage on available support measures and to agree in advance on any necessary arrangements with the instructor: https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Extended program	- Chemical bonds and molecular structure: physical properties and intermolecular interactions; - Alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, and alkynes: structure, nomenclature, preparation, and reactivity; - Stereochemistry; - Haloalkanes: structure, nomenclature, preparation, and reactivity; nucleophilic substitution reactions SN1 and SN2 and elimination reactions; - Aromatic compounds: concept of aromaticity, structure, nomenclature, and reactivity; electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions of aromatic compounds; - Concept of functional group; - Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: structure, nomenclature, and reactivity: elimination, oxidation, and acidity; - Carbonyl compounds: aldehydes and ketones: structure, nomenclature, preparation, and reactivity; nucleophilic addition, hemiacetals and acetals, keto-enol tautomerism, and aldol condensation; - Carboxylic acids: structure, nomenclature, reactivity, acidity; - Carboxylic acid derivatives: acyl halides, anhydrides, esters, and amides; - Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions; - Alpha-substitution and condensation reactions of the carbonyl group: keto-enol tautomerism; - Introduction to heterocyclic chemistry; - Overview of the main analytical techniques for molecular structure determination: spectroscopy and spectrometry; The course includes supplementary teaching (5 hours) on weak interactions in organic chemistry.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Code	A004755
CFU	2
Teacher	Giulia Quaglia
Teachers	Giulia Quaglia
Hours	24 ore - Giulia Quaglia
Learning activities	Altro
Area	Altre conoscenze utili per l'inserimento nel mondo del lavoro
Sector	NN
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	The student learns the principles that allow to interpret and predict the data derived from experimental observations. In the laboratory, the student verifies experimentally what is illustrated in the classroom and learns how to treat the data collected and the drafting of a report.
Reference texts	-S. Capasso, La Chimica Fisica attraverso gli esercizi, Loghìa, Napoli - G. M. Barrow, Physical Chemistry for the Life Science, Mc Graw Hill Int. Book Company (in inglese).
Educational objectives	The student will be able to properly discuss graphs and diagrams describing results of experiments on the topics addressed during the course. The experiments are aimed at data collection, numerical processing and critical discussion. Practical activities will enable the development of collaborative and problem-solving skills.
Prerequisites	No prerequisite
Teaching methods	Demonstrations and practical laboratory activities.
Other information	The teacher provides students with useful materials for the laboratory shared in UNISTUDIUM platform.
Learning verification modality	The CFU corresponding to the training activity are acquired by the student with the passing of a final test, with the aim of verifying the degree of knowledge and mastery of the concepts treated, as well as the correct use of technical-scientific language. The exam, which is an integral part of the Fundamentals of Chemistry exam, involves a written question about the laboratory experiences carried out during the course. Students with disabilities and/or DSA are invited/ and to visit the page dedicated to the tools and measures planned and to agree in advance as necessary with the teacher.
Extended program	- Calorimetric bomb - Experimental verification of the colligative properties. –Molar Partial Volume. - Exothermic and endothermic reactions. - Data analysis
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	4

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Code	55040006
CFU	2
Teacher	Elisa Boccalon
Teachers	Elisa Boccalon
Hours	24 ore - Elisa Boccalon
Learning activities	Altro
Area	Altre conoscenze utili per l'inserimento nel mondo del lavoro
Sector	NN
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	Italian
Contents	Conoscenze di base di tecniche e metodologie di laboratorio
Educational objectives	Imparare ad avere dimestichezza con vetreria e strumentazione di laboratorio e sintesi
Prerequisites	Nessuno
Teaching methods	Esercitazioni pratiche di laboratorio.
Other information	Per accedere al laboratorio è necessario indossare un camice di laboratorio, che ogni studente dovrà procurarsi autonomamente, mentre occhiali protettivi e guanti in lattice/nitrile saranno disponibili in laboratorio.
Learning verification modality	La valutazione dell'effettiva acquisizione da parte degli studenti dei risultati di apprendimento verrà effettuata tramite domande aperte relative alle esperienze di laboratorio che faranno parte dell'esame scritto di Fondamenti di Chimica Generale e Inorganica. Gli studenti e le studentesse con disabilità e/o con DSA sono invitati/e a visitare la pagina dedicata agli strumenti compensativi e alle misure dispensative previste e a concordare preventivamente quanto necessario con il/la docente (https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa). The assessment of students' actual acquisition of the learning outcomes will be carried out by means of open questions related to the laboratory experiences that will form part of the written examination of Fundamentals of General and Inorganic Chemistry. Students with disabilities and/or SLD are invited to visit the page dedicated to assistive devices and dispensatory measures and to discuss in advance with the teacher what is needed (https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa).
Extended program	Saranno eseguite esperienze individuali che riguarderanno titolazioni acido-base; analisi qualitativa e degli ioni; sintesi di un composto inorganico. (a seconda della disponibilità di reagenti e strumentazione ci potranno essere delle variazioni sulle esperienze)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Code	A004762
CFU	2
Teacher	Filippo Campana
Teachers	Filippo Campana
Hours	24 ore - Filippo Campana
Learning activities	Altro
Area	Altre conoscenze utili per l'inserimento nel mondo del lavoro
Sector	NN
Type of study-unit	Obbligatorio (Required)
Language of instruction	ITALIAN
Contents	Basic knowledge of laboratory techniques and methodologies. Synthesis, investigation, purification, and characterization.
Reference texts	Slides provided by the professors.
Educational objectives	- Selection, management, and assembly of laboratory glassware; - Chromatographic techniques for investigation (TLC, GC); - Knowledge and autonomous choice among the main purification procedures: extraction, precipitation, filtration, distillation, sublimation, crystallization, chromatography; - Identification of analytical techniques for structure determination; - Ability to draft a laboratory report with the main and necessary information.
Prerequisites	To better follow and learn the contents of the laboratory course in a convenient and effective manner, attending the practical activities is highly recommended.
Teaching methods	Practical laboratory exercises.
Other information	-
Learning verification modality	The ECTS credits associated with the laboratory component are awarded upon passing a final assessment, aimed at evaluating the level of knowledge and mastery of the concepts covered, as well as the correct use of technical-scientific language. This assessment, which is an integral part of the Fundamentals of Chemistry exam, includes a written question related to the laboratory activities carried out during the course. Students with disabilities and/or specific learning disorders (SLD) are invited to consult the dedicated webpage on the available support measures and to agree in advance on any necessary arrangements with the instructor: https://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa
Extended program	Laboratory experiments involving the synthesis, separation, purification, and characterization of organic compounds will be individually conducted, including tests for the recognition of certain functional groups.
Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile	-