Academic year 2021/22
(15 modules)
(32 modules)
| Unit | Anno | Period | CFU | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monitoring vegetation systems ( Biology - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Biodiversita' e gestione delle risorse naturali | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Advanced english (level b2) ( Natural and environmental sciences and technologies - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 3 | PERUGIA |
| Inorganic quantum chemistry ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Theoretical chemistry and computational modelling | 1 | II | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Computational chemistry ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Theoretical chemistry and computational modelling | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Dynamics of chemical reactions and statistical mechanics ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Theoretical chemistry and computational modelling | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Advanced english (level b2) ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 3 | PERUGIA |
| Environmental chemistry ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Atomic and molecular processes ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Blood diseases ( Biology - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Biosanitario | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Plant biotechnology ( Biology - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Biomolecolare | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Ethology ( Biology - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Biodiversita' e gestione delle risorse naturali | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Green chemistry ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Energy and sustainability | 1 | II | 8 | PERUGIA |
| Plant biotechnology ( Biology - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Bionutrizionistico | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Theoretical approaches to materials for energy and sustainability ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Energy and sustainability | 1 | II | 7 | PERUGIA |
| Materials for renewable energy sources ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Energy and sustainability | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Optoelectronic properties of materials ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Energy and sustainability | 1 | II | 8 | PERUGIA |
| Theoretical approaches for the study of molecules and inorganic materials ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Chimica inorganica per l'energia e la catalisi | 1 | II | 9 | PERUGIA |
| English ( Chemistry - First cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 3 | PERUGIA |
| Ethology ( Natural and environmental sciences and technologies - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Optoelectronic properties of materials ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Chimica fisica | 1 | II | 8 | PERUGIA |
| Elements of biophysics, cryopreservation and biobanks ( Molecular and industrial biotechnology - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 15 | PERUGIA |
| Ethology ( Biology - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Biodiversita' e gestione delle risorse naturali | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Methods and materials for nanophotonics ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Advanced methods in electronic structure, dynamics and molecular modelling ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Theoretical chemistry and computational modelling | 2 | I | 12 | PERUGIA |
| Non linear optics ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Immunology and virology ( Biological sciences - First cycle degree course) Curriculum: Cellulare-molecolare | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Theoretical methods for molecular dynamics ( Chemical sciences - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Functional and structural genomics ( Biotechnology - First cycle degree course) In all curricula | 3 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Solid state chemistry ( Chemistry - First cycle degree course) In all curricula | 3 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Atmospheric chemistry ( Chemistry - First cycle degree course) In all curricula | 3 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Bioinformatics and biostatistics ( Biotechnology - First cycle degree course) In all curricula | 3 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Molecular design ( Chemistry - First cycle degree course) In all curricula | 3 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
(1 module)
| Unit | Anno | Period | CFU | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dynamics of structures ( Civil engineering - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Strutture | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
(29 modules)
| Unit | Anno | Period | CFU | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth and international competitiveness ( International economics and management - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Mathematical models for financial markets ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Finanza ed assicurazione | 1 | II | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Mathematical methods for risk management ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Finanza ed assicurazione | 1 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Statistical methods for finance ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Finanza ed assicurazione | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Applied corporate finance ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Finanza ed assicurazione | 1 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Statistical methods for economy and finance ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Statistics for finance and economics | 1 | whole year | 12 | PERUGIA |
| Mathematical models for financial markets ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Statistics for finance and economics | 1 | II | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Private banking and asset management ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Statistics for finance and economics | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Private banking and asset management ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Finanza ed assicurazione | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Applied corporate finance ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Statistics for finance and economics | 1 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Laboratory of english for accounting ( Business administration - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 3 | PERUGIA |
| Human resources management ( International economics and management - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Mathematical methods for risk management ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Statistics for finance and economics | 1 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Economics of innovation ( International economics and management - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | II | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Human resources management ( Business administration - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Accounting strategy and control | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Credit scoring ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Finanza ed assicurazione | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Economics of international markets ( International economics and management - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | II | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Advanced financial accounting ( Business administration - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Accounting strategy and control | 2 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Activity-based management accounting ( Business administration - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Accounting strategy and control | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Public sector accounting and financial management ( Business administration - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Accounting strategy and control | 2 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Strategic analysis and business planning ( Business administration - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Accounting strategy and control | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Financial hedging and risk management ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Finanza ed assicurazione | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Business and economic statistics ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Finanza ed assicurazione | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Financial hedging and risk management ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Statistics for finance and economics | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Business and economic statistics ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Statistics for finance and economics | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Statistical computing methods ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Statistics for finance and economics | 2 | whole year | 12 | PERUGIA |
| Economic and financial time series analysis ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Statistics for finance and economics | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Credit scoring ( Finance and quantitative methods for economics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Statistics for finance and economics | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| English and international marketing ( International economics and management - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | whole year | 3 | PERUGIA |
(16 modules)
(14 modules)
| Unit | Anno | Period | CFU | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English ( Legal services - First cycle degree course) Curriculum: Operatore giudiziario e della p.a. | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| English language ( European legal integration and human rights - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Legal english ( law - 5-year single degree course) In all curricula | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| English ( Legal services - First cycle degree course) Curriculum: Esperto giuridico del settore immobiliare | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| English ( Legal services - First cycle degree course) Curriculum: Consulente del lavoro | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Advanced international law ( European legal integration and human rights - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| European public law ( European legal integration and human rights - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Law and economics ( law - 5-year single degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Law and religion ( European legal integration and human rights - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| European public law ( law - 5-year single degree course) In all curricula | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Advanced international law ( law - 5-year single degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Comparative constitutional law ( law - 5-year single degree course) In all curricula | 3 | II | 9 | PERUGIA |
| European private law ( law - 5-year single degree course) In all curricula | 3 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Advanced international law ( law - 5-year single degree course) In all curricula | 5 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
(31 modules)
| Unit | Anno | Period | CFU | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mathematical physics ii ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Didattico-generale | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Mathematical finance ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Didattico-generale | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Mathematical methods for economics ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Didattico-generale | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Combinatorics ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Didattico-generale | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Functional programming ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Matematica per la crittografia | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Machine learning ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | II | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Artificial intelligent systems ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 12 | PERUGIA |
| Cybersecurity ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Artificial intelligence | 1 | II | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Cybersecurity with laboratory ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Cybersecurity | 1 | II | 15 | PERUGIA |
| Computational intelligence ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Artificial intelligence | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| High performance computing ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Computability and complexity ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Advanced and distributed algorithms ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Cryptography and applications ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Matematica per la crittografia | 1 | whole year | 12 | PERUGIA |
| Human-computer interaction ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Information security auditing, certification and digital forensics ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Cybersecurity | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Cybersecurity ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Matematica per la crittografia | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Information security auditing, certification and digital forensics ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Artificial intelligence | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Cryptography and applications - module 1 ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Artificial intelligence | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Modern physics ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Didattico-generale | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Mathematical methods for economics ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Didattico-generale | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Computability and complexity ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Matematica per la crittografia | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Applied image and signal processing ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Matematica per le applicazioni industriali e biomediche | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Combinatorics ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Matematica per la crittografia | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Mathematical methods for economics ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Matematica per l'economia e la finanza | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Mathematical finance ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Matematica per l'economia e la finanza | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Computational intelligence ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Cybersecurity | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Cryptography and applications ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Cybersecurity | 2 | whole year | 12 | PERUGIA |
| Combinatorics ( Mathematics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Didattico-generale | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Statistical methods for data science ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Artificial intelligence | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Applied image and signal processing ( Informatics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Cybersecurity | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
(28 modules)
(3 modules)
| Unit | Anno | Period | CFU | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English b2 ( Pharmacy - 5-year single degree course) In all curricula | 1 | whole year | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Pharmacotherapy and biodrugs ( Chemistry and technology of drugs - 5-year single degree course) In all curricula | 3 | II | 10 | PERUGIA |
| Physical methods in organic chemistry ( Chemistry and technology of drugs - 5-year single degree course) In all curricula | 3 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
(14 modules)
(39 modules)
| Unit | Anno | Period | CFU | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Applied geochemistry ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Ore deposits and sustainable mining ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Global tectonics ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Environmental geochemistry ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geologia applicata alla salvaguardia e alla pianificazione del territorio | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Global tectonics ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Environmental geochemistry ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Climate change ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Gemmology ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Applied hydrogeology ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Gis - geographical information systems ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geologia applicata alla salvaguardia e alla pianificazione del territorio | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Structural geology ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
|
mathematical methods for geosciences ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Gis - geographical information systems ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Geothermics ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Environmental geology ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Applied geophysics ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 1 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Sedimentology ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Sedimentary petrography ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Applied geophysics ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Seismic expression of geological structures ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | II | 12 | PERUGIA |
| Integrated stratigraphy ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Sedimentology ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Gis - geographical information systems ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
|
mathematical methods for geosciences ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Reservoir geology ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Petroleum geology 1 - petrophysics and well log interpretation ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Applied and environmental mineralogy ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Applied hydrogeology ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Micropaleontology ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Environmental geology ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Volcanic risk ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Medical geology ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Earth system science ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geosciences for environmental sustainability | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Quantum field theory ( Physics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Fisica teorica | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Advanced particle physics ( Physics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Fisica delle particelle elementari | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Environmental geology ( Geosciences for risk and environment management - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Geologia applicata alla salvaguardia e alla pianificazione del territorio | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Advanced particle physics ( Physics - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Fisica teorica | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Geothermics ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Petroleum geology 2 - exploration and petroleum system modeling ( Geology for energy resources - Second cycle degree course) In all curricula | 2 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
(15 modules)
| Unit | Anno | Period | CFU | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International relations and global politics ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 1 | II | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Major world legal systems ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Sustainable development, global trade and social rights ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Economic development and global governance ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Food security and climate change ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Demography and international population policies ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 1 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Economics and globalisation ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Migration and mobility in north africa and the middle east ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Global governance and international organizations
( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 1 | I | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Economics of migration ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 1 | I | 9 | PERUGIA |
| International and eu migration law and policies ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 1 | II | 9 | PERUGIA |
| News translation ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Arabic language ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 2 | II | 9 | PERUGIA |
| Cultures and conflicts in the world today ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 2 | II | 6 | PERUGIA |
| Chinese language ( International relations - Second cycle degree course) Curriculum: Migration, globalisation and world governance | 2 | whole year | 9 | PERUGIA |